Radha, Candravali and other gopis began to sing (upagiyamana), in an especially pleasing way (upa) with raga, svara (melody) and tala (beat). They sang in "tin tala" this song: "May your lotus face, residence of sweetness, your movements which defeat the gait of the best elephants, and your sweet smiles which are desired by all women, protect me always." Radha and Candravali and others were the protectors of thousands of groups of women. When these chief women sang, Krsna also began to sing loudly. Sometimes instead of singing alone, they would sing responsively. "O beautiful women, your faces are the residence of sweetness, the abode of glances, expressions of conjugal desire, which heighten your beauty." The gopis would sing, "O beloved! You hold some imperfection in your moonlike face, like the image of the deer in the moon." "Though you are dvija, like a fool it seems you have drunk poison." The vaijantai mala refers to a garland made from five different colored flowers.

With the appearance of the great beauty, he made Vṛndāvana beautiful. He wandered about in order to go to the Yamunā suitable for rati, in order to stimulate the gopīs’ love by showing the flowers and by singing. He sang loudly, in joy, about the moon, which stimulated love. He was glorified by the gopīs using imitative songs which, though praising the moon, praised him. For instance it is said: akhila-rasāmṛta-mūrtiḥ prasṛmara-ruci-ruddha-tārakā-pāliḥ | kalita-śyāmā-lalito rādhā-preyān vidhur jayati || Kṛṣṇa, the destroyer of all sin and the bestower of all bliss, the very form of the highest bliss, filled with all rasas, excels all others in glory. He brings Tārakā and Pālikā under his control by the diffusion of His beauty; He accepts Śyāmalā and Lalitā as his equals; and gives pleasure to Rādhā by his excellent qualities. Second meaning of the verse: The full moon, which destroys suffering and creates happiness by its cooling rays, shines everywhere with its excellent qualities and beauty. It is the very form of nectar, filled with all tastes. It eclipses the host of stars by its light, accepts the playful gestures of the night, and fondly enters the Viśākhā constellation in the spring season. BRS 1.1 Sometimes the gopīs would reverse some of the syllables of the song. yāminī kṛta-ruciḥ śucikāntiś candrikāvalibhā vikaca-śrīḥ ṣaṭ-padāli-kalitaiḥ kala-gītaiḥ paśya bhāti kumudākara eṣaḥ See! The lake is peaceful and pure with the light of the moon. It is most beautiful with the sound of bees humming. They replaced ṣaṭ-padāli-kālitaiḥ with sat-padāli-kalitaiḥ: Kṛṣṇa, graceful with his lovers, with pure effulgence, decorated with a peacock feather, giving bliss to the earth, singing sweet songs with beautiful words, appears most beautiful. Or he would sing about the moon and other objects with tunes and rhythms and a gopī would sing about him, being absorbed completely in only him, revealing only him in the words. Viṣṇu Purāṇa says: kṛṣṇaḥ śarac-candramasaṁ kaumudīṁ kumudākaram jagau gopī-janas tv ekaṁ kṛṣṇa-nāma punaḥ punaḥ Kṛṣṇa sang the glories of the autumn moon, the moonshine and the lotus-filled river, while the gopīs simply sang his name repeatedly. There are two meanings to kṛṣṇa-nāma: they sang about Kṛṣṇa and sang his name or they sang his name. Vanitā means woman with great anurāga. He was the leader (paḥ) of hundreds of groups of women with anurāga. Another meaning is “he drank (paḥ) the groups of women with his eyes, or with great attraction, drank the nectar of their lips.” They were in groups according to their type of love. He wore a garland with five types of flowers of different colors. It is understood that there were many ornaments: valayānāṁ nūpurāṇāṁ kiṅkiṇīnāṁ ca yoṣitām sa-priyāṇām abhūc chabdas tumulo rāsa-maṇḍale A tumultuous sound arose from the armlets, ankle bells and waist bells of the gopīs as they sported with their beloved Kṛṣṇa in the circle of the rāsa dance. SB 10.33.5 However the vaijayantī garland alone is mentioned since it was suitable for forest pastimes. That garland was made by the gopīs or Vṛndā, and offered to him. Garlands were placed in various groves for him to wear. In this manner he wandered around.

With the appearance of the great beauty, he made Vṛndāvana beautiful. He wandered about in order to go to the Yamunā suitable for rati, in order to stimulate the gopīs’ love by showing the flowers and by singing. They praised him by describing his form, qualities and pastimes. Or he was praised with songs on all four sides. He sang loudly out of joy. Vanitāḥ means women who have developed great attraction to a man. This is the definition given by Viśva. He was the protector (paḥ) of hundred of groups of such women. Or he was the relisher of hundreds of gouprs of women. Or he was the drinker of the lip nectar of hundreds of groups of women. They were in groups according to similarity of qualities. Some of the nitya-siddha gopīs from Goloka appeared with him on earth. Some of the gopis were devatā women. vasudeva-gṛhe sākṣād bhagavān puruṣaḥ paraḥ janiṣyate tat-priyārthaṁ sambhavantu sura-striyaḥ The Supreme Lord Kṛṣṇa, who has full potency, will personally appear as the son of Vasudeva. Therefore all the wives of the devatās should also appear in order to satisfy him. SB 10.1.23 Others by great effort developing special bhāva by sādhana became gopīs. These are of two types: sages and śrutis. The sages are the ones at Daṇḍakāraṇa and performers of austerities at Mānasa lake. Śrutis refers the the great Upaniṣads. This is explained in Padma Purāṇa and Bṛhad Vāmana Purāṇa. There are differences between the gopīs because of special bhāvas. Though they are divided into groups, since they have similar bhāvas, they all enjoyed equally. The vaijayantī garland is made from flowers of five colors: pañca-varṇā vaijayantī. Some say it is made of nine gems. They wore other ornaments as well: valayānāṁ nūpurāṇāṁ kiṅkiṇīnāṁ ca yoṣitām sa-priyāṇām abhūc chabdas tumulo rāsa-maṇḍale A tumultuous sound arose from the armlets, ankle bells and waist bells of the gopīs as they sported with their beloved Kṛṣṇa in the circle of the rāsa dance. SB 10.33.5 However the garland is mentioned because it was particularly beautiful in the night. Or at that time the gopīs quickly made the galrnd and gave it to him. Kṛṣṇa then wandered in the forest.