FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.33

नागपत्‍न्य ऊचु: न्याय्यो हि दण्ड: कृतकिल्बिषेऽस्मिं- स्तवावतार: खलनिग्रहाय । रिपो: सुतानामपि तुल्यद‍ृष्टि- र्धत्से दमं फलमेवानुशंसन् ॥ ३३ ॥
nāga-patnya ūcuḥ
[naaga-patnya oochuh]
nyāyyo hi daṇḍaḥ kṛta-kilbiṣe ’smiṁs
[nyaayyo hi dandah krita-kilbishe ’smims]
tavāvatāraḥ khala-nigrahāya
[tavaavataarah khala-nigrahaaya]
ripoḥ sutānām api tulya-dṛṣṭir
[ripoh sutaanaam api tulya-drishtir]
dhatse damaṁ phalam evānuśaṁsan
[dhatse damam phalam evaanushamsan]
nāga - patnyaḥ ūcuḥ — the wives of the serpent said nyāyyaḥ — fair and just hi — indeed daṇḍaḥ — punishment kṛta - kilbiṣe — to him who has committed offense asmin — this person tava — Your avatāraḥ — descent into this world khala — of the envious nigrahāya — for the subjugation ripoḥ — to an enemy sutānām — to Your own sons api — also tulya - dṛṣṭiḥ — having equal vision dhatse — You give damam — punishment phalam — the ultimate result eva — indeed anuśaṁsam — considering .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
nāga-patnya ūcuḥ
nāga - patnyaḥ ūcuḥ
the wives of the serpent said
nyāyyaḥ
fair and just
nyāyyo hi daṇḍaḥ kṛta-kilbiṣe ’smiṁs
hi
indeed
daṇḍaḥ
punishment
kṛta - kilbiṣe
to him who has committed offense
asmin
this person
tavāvatāraḥ khala-nigrahāya
tava
Your
avatāraḥ
descent into this world
khala
of the envious
nigrahāya
for the subjugation
ripoḥ sutānām api tulya-dṛṣṭir
ripoḥ
to an enemy
sutānām
to Your own sons
api
also
tulya - dṛṣṭiḥ
having equal vision
dhatse damaṁ phalam evānuśaṁsan
dhatse
You give
damam
punishment
phalam
the ultimate result
eva
indeed
anuśaṁsam
considering .
  • nāga - patnyaḥ ūcuḥ — the wives of the serpent said
    Compound + verb: nāga (serpent) + patnī (wife) + ūcuḥ (they said). The opening of the celebrated Nāga-patnī-stuti — one of the most beloved Vaiṣṇava prayers in all of Bhāgavatam.
  • khala - nigrahāya — for the subjugation of the wicked
    Compound: khala (wicked) + nigraha (subjugation). The wives quote the avatāra-doctrine back to Bhagavān, exactly as He stated it (verse 6). They recognize the theology of His descent.
  • tulya - dṛṣṭiḥ — with equal vision
    Compound: tulya (equal) + dṛṣṭi (vision). Bhagavān sees enemies and sons alike. Gītā 9.29: samo'haṁ sarva-bhūteṣu. The wives invoke His sama-darśana to argue that His chastisement of their husband IS impartial mercy.
  • damam — punishment, restraint
    From √dam — to subdue. The same root as dama (self-control). Bhagavān imposes externally what the demoniac cannot impose on himself; the wives accept the verdict as just dama.
The wives of the Kāliya serpent said: The punishment this offender has been subjected to is certainly just. After all, You have incarnated within this world to curb down envious and cruel persons. You are so impartial that You look equally upon Your enemies and Your own sons, for when You impose a punishment on a living being You know it to be for his ultimate benefit.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The wives of the Kāliya serpent said: The punishment this offender has been subjected to is certainly just. After all, You have incarnated within this world to curb down envious and cruel persons. You are so impartial that You look equally upon Your enemies and Your own sons, for when You impose a punishment on a living being You know it to be for his ultimate benefit.
Commentary

In praising Krsna, the wives of Kaliya began by first agreeing with his punishment, in order to appease the anger of Krsna. "One must certainly bear responsibility for one’s own wicked deeds in the form of violence to the innocent and devoted. You protect the good and punish the wicked, but in that you do not show any partiality. Thus you treat the sons of your enemy and your own sons equally. (the word api here indicates ca, and your own sons.) Though Hiranyakasipu was your enemy, you protected his son Prahlada. Though Narakasura was your own son, you killed him. And though you punish the wicked you hold not animosity towards them. You punish them thinking ( phalam anusamsan) that after relieving them of their wicked nature by hellish suffering you will reward them with the eternal happiness of liberation."

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

His punishment is proper because he committed sins against Garuḍa, against the living entities in the Yamunā and in Vṛndāvana, and against the Lord. Because you give just punishment, you have appeared to punish the afflicters of the devotees. You have also come to give mercy to the devotees. If you did not appear there would be no punishment for the evil or mercy to the devotees. You are equal towards enemies and sons. Thus though you punish the wicked, you do not hate them. You give results which cure the wicked of their nature, by giving them hellish punishment and then giving them eternal happiness.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

The punishment for the offender (kata-kilbiṣe) is proper because you have appeared as an avatāra to punish the wicked. Though your real purpose is distribution of prema-bhakti, that is accomplished with the punishing of the wicked. In punishing the wicked one should consider that the result is beneficial for that person. You never partake of dealing unequally. The genitive ripoḥ means locative case. You see equally objects of affection like sons because of their proper conduct and enemies because of their evil nature. Or “Why do you give punishment to the good who have done sin, even if they are sons?” It is because you are equal to the enemy and to sons. Ripoḥ is in the singular to represent a class. One version has tūlya-drṣteḥ, genitive modifying tava: you (tava) who have equal vision. Damam dhatse is taken as a separate statement. Ripoh then makes sense without changing it to the genitive. However if the nominative case is accepted as the subject of dhatse, the phrase with phalam, giving beneficial results, is connected with seeing equally: he who sees equally (tulya-dṛṣṭiḥ) gives punishment, which gives beneficial results (phalam). It explains why he is equal. You give punishment as a result. This does not mention the mercy, but that should be included in the meaning since punishment and mercy are being discussed. In having equal vision, mercy is also indicted. Or the cause of punishment is explained. For the most offensive person, your punishment is suitable. Therefore you give punishment (damam dhatse) to the wicked. If he punishes the wicked how can the Lord be glorified as merciful? He gives results beneficial for them through his dealing with them.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Kartavya (Duty / Responsibility)Hrih (Modesty / Sense of Shame)Satya (Truthfulness)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)
Related verses
The wives accept Kāliya's punishment as just, recognizing that the Lord is impartial — seeing enemies and sons equally and always punishing for the soul's benefit. Mature devotees do not protest divine discipline; they trust its motive.
Reflection Questions
  • Which discipline in my life have I been protesting instead of trusting?
  • Where might Kṛṣṇa's apparent 'enmity' be the precise form His parenting is taking?

The wives begin their prayer not with a plea but with a concession: 'The punishment is just.' They will not start by negotiating Bhagavān's verdict; they will start by accepting it. This is the Gauḍīya pattern of śaraṇāgati's first limb — agreeing with the Lord (ānukūlyasya saṅkalpaḥ) before asking anything of Him.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 16