SB 5.22.7 — FolioCorpus

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 5.22.7

अथ च यावन्नभोमण्डलं सह द्यावापृथिव्योर्मण्डलाभ्यां कार्त्स्‍न्येन स ह भुञ्जीत तं कालं संवत्सरं परिवत्सरमिडावत्सरमनुवत्सरं वत्सरमिति भानोर्मान्द्यशैघ्र्यसमगतिभि: समामनन्ति ॥ ७ ॥

atha ca yāvan nabho-maṇḍalaṁ saha dyāv-āpṛthivyor maṇḍalābhyāṁ kārtsnyena sa ha bhuñjīta taṁ kālaṁ saṁvatsaraṁ parivatsaram iḍāvatsaram anuvatsaraṁ vatsaram iti bhānor māndya-śaighrya-sama-gatibhiḥ samāmananti.

[atha cha yaavan nabho-mandalam saha dyaav-aaprithivyor mandalaabhyaam kaartsnyena sa ha bhunjeeta tam kaalam samvatsaram parivatsaram idaavatsaram anuvatsaram vatsaram iti bhaanor maandya-shaighrya-sama-gatibhih samaamananti.]

Word-for-word

atha — now ca — also yāvat — as long as nabhaḥ-maṇḍalam — outer space, between the upper and lower world saha — along with dyau — of the upper world āpṛthivyoḥ — of the lower world maṇḍalābhyām — the spheres kārtsnyena — entirely saḥ — he ha — indeed bhuñjīta — may pass through tam — that kālam — time saṁvatsaram — Saṁvatsara parivatsaram — Parivatsara iḍāvatsaram — Iḍāvatsara anuvatsaram — Anuvatsara vatsaram — Vatsara iti — thus bhānoḥ — of the sun māndya — slow śaighrya — speedy sama — and equal gatibhiḥ — by the speeds samāmananti — the experienced scholars describe.

Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)

atha

now

also

yāvat

as long as

nabhaḥ-maṇḍalam

outer space, between the upper and lower world

saha

along with

dyau

of the upper world

āpṛthivyoḥ

of the lower world

maṇḍalābhyām

the spheres

kārtsnyena

entirely

saḥ

indeed

bhuñjīta

may pass through

tam

that

kālam

time

saṁvatsaram

Saṁvatsara

parivatsaram

Parivatsara

iḍāvatsaram

Iḍāvatsara

anuvatsaram

Anuvatsara

vatsaram

Vatsara

iti

thus

bhānoḥ

of the sun

māndya

slow

śaighrya

speedy

sama

and equal

gatibhiḥ

by the speeds

samāmananti

the experienced scholars describe.

The sun-god has three speeds — slow, fast and moderate. The time he takes to travel entirely around the spheres of heaven, earth and space at these three speeds is referred to, by learned scholars, by the five names Saṁvatsara, Parivatsara, Iḍāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara.

Purport

According to solar astronomical calculations, each year extends six days beyond the calendar year, and according to lunar calculations, each year is six days shorter. Therefore, because of the movements of the sun and moon, there is a difference of twelve days between the solar and lunar years. As the Saṁvatsara, Parivatsara, Iḍāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara pass by, two extra months are added within each five years. This makes a sixth saṁvatsara, but because that saṁvatsara is extra, the solar system is calculated according to the above five names.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda

Gauḍīya Ācāryas

Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya

Translation

The time it takes for the sun to pass completely through the antarikṣa along with earth plane and heavenly planes, with slow, quick and medium speeds, is called saṁvatsara, parivatsara, iḍāvatsa, anuvatsara, and vatsara. It should be understood that the antariṣka is equal in size to the earthly and heavenly planes surrounding on either side. The different names of the year according to use based on different calculations has been described in the Third Canto (SB 3.11.13).

Personal Guidance

Five names are used for the sun's varied speeds and circuits — the wise have rich vocabulary for what the careless lump together. Precision of language enables precision of practice. Cultivate exact words for inner experience.

Reflection Questions

Where have I been using one word for many spiritual states that actually differ?
What more precise vocabulary could I learn from scripture or a teacher to describe what I feel?

📝 My note

Source: vedabase.io