FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 3.12.43

वैखानसा वालखिल्यौदुम्बरा: फेनपा वने । न्यासे कुटीचक: पूर्वं बह्वोदो हंसनिष्क्रियौ ॥ ४३ ॥
vaikhānasā vālakhilyau-
[vaikhaanasaa vaalakhilyau-]
dumbarāḥ phenapā vane
[dumbaraah phenapaa vane]
nyāse kuṭīcakaḥ pūrvaṁ
[nyaase kuteechakah poorvam]
bahvodo haṁsa-niṣkriyau
[bahvodo hamsa-nishkriyau]
vaikhānasāḥ — the section of men who retire from active life and live on half-boiled meals vālakhilya — one who quits his former stock of grains on receipt of more audumbarāḥ — one who lives on what he gets from the direction towards which he starts after rising from bed phenapāḥ — one who lives on the fruits which automatically fall from the tree vane — in the forest nyāse — in the order of renunciation kuṭīcakaḥ — life in the family without attachment pūrvam — in the beginning bahvodaḥ — giving up all material activities and engaging fully in transcendental service haṁsa — fully engaged in transcendental knowledge niṣkriyau — stopping all kinds of activities.
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
vaikhānasā vālakhilyau-
vaikhānasāḥ
the section of men who retire from active life and live on half-boiled meals
vālakhilya
one who quits his former stock of grains on receipt of more
audumbarāḥ
one who lives on what he gets from the direction towards which he starts after rising from bed
dumbarāḥ phenapā vane
phenapāḥ
one who lives on the fruits which automatically fall from the tree
vane
in the forest
nyāse kuṭīcakaḥ pūrvaṁ
nyāse
in the order of renunciation
kuṭīcakaḥ
life in the family without attachment
pūrvam
in the beginning
bahvodo haṁsa-niṣkriyau
bahvodaḥ
giving up all material activities and engaging fully in transcendental service
haṁsa
fully engaged in transcendental knowledge
niṣkriyau
stopping all kinds of activities.
The four divisions of retired life are the vaikhānasas, vālakhilyas, audumbaras and phenapas. The four divisions of the renounced order of life are the kuṭīcakas, bahvodas, haṁsas and niṣkriyas. All these were manifested from Brahmā.

The varṇāśrama-dharma, or the institution of the four divisions and orders of social and spiritual life, is not a new invention of the modern age, as proposed by the less intelligent. It is an institution established by Brahmā from the beginning of the creation. This is also confirmed in the Bhagavad-gītā (4.13) : cātur-varṇyaṁ mayā sṛṣṭam.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
From Brahmā’s mouths starting from the eastern mouth arose the four divisions of vanapraṣṭhas: vaikhṇasa, vālakhilya, audumbara and phenapa. From Brahmā’s four mouths arose the four types of sannyasīs: kuṭīcaka, bahvoda, haṁsa and niṣkriya. The vaikhānasa vanapraṣṭha lives on wild grains. The vālakhilya gives away accumulated grains on gaining new grains. The audumbara lives off what he acquires by walking in the direction he sees on getting up the morning. The phenapa lives off grains or fruit which have naturally fallen on the ground. These are the different types of vanapraṣṭha arising from their different means of sustenance. There are four types of sannyasīs. The kuṭicaka mainly concenterates on karma in his own hermitage. The bahvoda rejects action and mainly concentrates on jñāna. The haṁsa is fixed in knowledge. The niśkriya has attained realization. The later types in the list are superior to the previous ones.
The verse describes layered cosmic machinery — modes, elements, governing demigods — to remind us that even our 'private' lives are arranged by larger hands.
Reflection Questions
  • Where have you been demanding outcomes from a system you did not design?
  • Which 'cosmic' problem are you trying to solve when your actual task is just to play your small part well?
📝 My note

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