• vyavasitaḥ buddhyā — fixing his determination with intelligence
  Past participle of vi + ava + √sā (to determine, resolve) + instrumental of buddhi. The verse marks Sudāmā's stable resolve. His enjoyment of wealth is not drift but conscious choice — buddhi-yukta enjoyment, the Gītā's ideal.
• atīva — absolutely devoted
  atīva (extremely) + bhakta. The Bhāgavatam stamps Sudāmā's category once and for all: even with wealth, atīva-bhakta. Gauḍīyas read this as the test passed — wealth did not change the rank.
• janārdane — to Lord Kṛṣṇa, the shelter of all living beings
  Locative of Janārdana — one who is petitioned by people (jana) for protection. A name for Kṛṣṇa as universal refuge. The verse names Him by the title most relevant to a bhakta enjoying His gift while staying devoted to Him.
• na ati-lampaṭaḥ — not very avaricious
  na (not) + ati (very) + lampaṭa (greedy, lustful). The bhakta's relationship to wealth is properly limited. Gauḍīya yukta-vairāgya: enjoy what comes, do not chase what does not come, do not become it.
• viṣayān — he enjoyed sense objects with the idea of renouncing them
  viṣaya (sense object) + tyakṣyan (future participle of √tyaj, intending to abandon) + bubhuje (perfect of √bhuj, enjoyed). The exact Gauḍīya posture: nirbandhaḥ kṛṣṇa-sambandhe yuktaṁ vairāgyam ucyate (Rūpa Gosvāmī). Enjoy in connection to Kṛṣṇa, with renunciation as the orientation.

• Could I hold pleasures lightly, with intention of eventual renunciation?
• How does that intention transform how I enjoy?

A house that has received an unexpected harvest and a tenant who eats his fill but already keeps one hand toward the door — Sudāmā enjoys what was given, but lives with renunciation packed at the threshold. Bhakti uses what is given; it does not become what it uses.