• sat - karmaṇām — of sanctified duties
  Compound: sat (true, sanctified) + karman (duties). The duties of the dvija are sat-karma — duties oriented toward Bhagavān. Gauḍīyas distinguish sat-karma (devotionally inflected) from mere ritualism.
• dvi - jāteḥ — of one who has been twice born
  Compound: dvi (twice) + jāti (birth). The twice-born — through womb and through saṁskāra. The verse will name a third birth: jñāna-birth from the guru.
• aṅga — My dear friend
  Vocative of address: 'my dear' (a tender intimate). Even in this most doctrinally weighty verse, Kṛṣṇa keeps the sakhya-tone. Gauḍīyas: doctrine in Bhāgavatam is always delivered inside relationship.
• āśramiṇām — for the members of all the spiritual orders of society
  Genitive plural of āśrami. The guru is the universal first-birth-giver across all four āśramas. Gauḍīyas: guru-tattva is not stage-specific — every Vaiṣṇava in every āśrama relies on it.
• jñāna - daḥ — the bestower of divine knowledge
  Compound: jñāna (knowledge) + da (giver). The guru gives jñāna — but in Gauḍīya idiom this is not Advaitin self-realization; it is the knowledge of Kṛṣṇa as Bhagavān and oneself as His eternal servant.
• aham — Myself
  First-person pronoun. Kṛṣṇa identifies Himself with the jñāna-guru ('yathā aham'). Gauḍīyas read this as the foundational verse of guru-tattva: the bona fide guru is Kṛṣṇa's representative because Kṛṣṇa Himself is the original guru.

• How do I honor each layer of teacher in my life — biological, ritual, transcendental?
• Whose contribution have I been undervaluing?

Three fathers: the one who gave the body, the one who gave the sacred thread, and the one who gives Brahman. The verse ranks them — the Brahman-giving guru is the highest because the gift outlasts the body and the saṁskāra. Kṛṣṇa names Himself as that highest kind of guru, plural across forms.