FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.59.42

अथो मुहूर्त एकस्मिन् नानागारेषु ता: स्‍त्रिय: । यथोपयेमे भगवान् तावद् रूपधरोऽव्यय: ॥ ४२ ॥
atho muhūrta ekasmin
[atho muhoorta ekasmin]
nānāgāreṣu tāḥ striyaḥ
[naanaagaareshu taah striyah]
yathopayeme bhagavān
[yathopayeme bhagavaan]
tāvad-rūpa-dharo ’vyayaḥ
[taavad-roopa-dharo ’vyayah]
atha u — and then muhūrte — at the auspicious time ekasmin — same nānā — various agāreṣu — in residences tāḥ — those striyaḥ — women yathā — properly upayeme — married bhagavān — the Supreme Lord tāvat — that many rūpa — forms dharaḥ — assuming avyayaḥ — the imperishable one .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atho muhūrta ekasmin
atha u
and then
muhūrte
at the auspicious time
ekasmin
same
nānāgāreṣu tāḥ striyaḥ
nānā
various
agāreṣu
in residences
tāḥ
those
striyaḥ
women
yathopayeme bhagavān
yathā
properly
tāvad-rūpa-dharo ’vyayaḥ
upayeme
married
bhagavān
the Supreme Lord
tāvat
that many
rūpa
forms
dharaḥ
assuming
avyayaḥ
the imperishable one .
  • muhūrte - ekasmin — at the same auspicious moment
    Compound: muhūrta (an auspicious hour) + eka (one). All sixteen thousand and one hundred weddings happen in the same muhūrta — Sanskrit time becomes a witness to the Lord's omnipresence.
  • rūpa - dharaḥ — assuming forms
    Compound: rūpa (form) + dhara (holder, bearer). Bhagavān 'wears' as many rūpas as needed — Gauḍīya commentators distinguish prakāśa (full self-displays, each indistinguishable from the original) from vilāsa (related but distinct forms). The 16,100 are prakāśa.
  • avyayaḥ — the imperishable, the inexhaustible
    A- (not) + √vyay (to spend, to perish). 'Inexhaustible' — even pluralization 16,100 times does not diminish Him. The mathematics of Bhagavān: pūrṇam adaḥ pūrṇam idam (Īśopaniṣad).
Then the imperishable Supreme Personality, assuming a separate form for each bride, duly married all the princesses simultaneously, each in her own palace.

As Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī explains, here the word yathā indicates that each marriage was duly performed. This means that the entire company of the Lord’s relatives, including His mother Devakī, appeared in each and every palace and attended each and every wedding. Since all these weddings took place simultaneously, this event was surely a manifestation of the Lord’s inconceivable potency. When Lord Kṛṣṇa does things, He does them in style. So it is not astonishing that the Lord simultaneously appeared in 16,100 wedding ceremonies taking place in 16,100 royal palaces, accompanied in each palace by all His relatives. Indeed, this is the way one would expect the Supreme Personality of Godhead to do things. After all, He is not an ordinary human being. Śrīla Śrīdhara Svāmī further explains that on this particular occasion the Lord manifested His original form in each of His palaces. In other words, to take part in the wedding vows, He manifested identical forms ( prakāśa ) in all the palaces.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Then the imperishable Supreme Personality, assuming a separate form for each bride, duly married all the princesses simultaneously, each in her own palace.
Commentary

Returning to Devaka, he married all of the women at the same moment (ekasmin muhurte), which was chosen by specialists because it would bring the most auspicious results. He expanded himself into as many forms as there were brides. Though he had one body, it appeared in separate and he controlled all of them. But one should not explain the phrase tavad rupa dhara as simply a multiplication of bodies (kaya vyuha), for Narada says later, "How astonishing that Krsna with one form, simultaneously married sixteen thousand women in different places." Not only that, but his associates such as his father and mother and friends, also arrived in all the houses at the same time. Krsna, by his inconceivable energy, manifested many forms of each of his associates as well. Krsna was complete in each house (avayaya), not partially there as an amsa. Bhagavatamrta says: the prakasa form is not different at all from the original.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

He married them simultaneously in different places at an auspicious moment like sun rise. He took as many forms as there were brides. This one form appeared in many places. It was not a different form. It will later be said: citraṁ bataitad ekena vapuṣā yugapat pṛthak gṛheṣu dvy-aṣṭa-sāhasraṁ striya eka udāvahat It is quite amazing that in a single body Lord Kṛṣṇa simultaneously married sixteen thousand women, each in a separate palace. SB 10.69.2 Because of his inconceivable energy he had an inexhaustible form (avyayaḥ).

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Atha indicates auspiciousness or all. Simultaneously he married them because they were women. Because of the nature of women, they would envy each other, being rivals. As many as there were women, he manifested as many forms to marry them: sixteen thousand one hundred forms. All these forms were real and eternal. Or as if having many forms, the one Kṛṣṇa married them all simultaneously because he was full of all powers (bhagavān) and therefore inexhaustible (avyayaḥ).

Related values
Shraddha (Faith / Reverence)Bhakti (Devotion)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Nyaya (Justice / Righteous Judgment)Apaishunam (Non-slander)Vairagya (Detachment / Dispassion)Satya (Truthfulness)
Related verses
The imperishable Personality, assuming a separate form for each bride, simultaneously marries all the princesses, each in her own palace. The Lord multiplies to honor each individually; no devotee is queued.
Reflection Questions
  • Where do you feel queued for Kṛṣṇa's attention when scripture shows He multiplies?
  • How does this verse change your sense of His availability?

One Lord, sixteen thousand and one hundred simultaneous weddings — each princess in her own palace, each receiving Bhagavān undivided. Like a single sun reflected in sixteen thousand pots of water, each reflection complete, the original unmoved. Gauḍīyas insist on the realism here: He is one and many at once, not 'one really and many illusorily'.

Rāsa-līlā parallel

The same śakti by which Kṛṣṇa multiplied Himself during the rāsa dance (SB 10.33) operates here. The gopīs each danced with their own Kṛṣṇa; the princesses each marry their own Kṛṣṇa. The Vraja precedent is mādhurya in parakīya-bhāva (forest, married women); the Dvārakā instance is mādhurya in svakīya-bhāva (palace, queens).

Gauḍīya theologians (especially Rūpa Gosvāmī in Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu) discuss this distinction at length — but agree that the multiplication-śakti is the same: prakāśa-vyūha, the Lord's self-display in plural forms.

📝 My note

← Read full Chapter 59