FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.38.42

योऽवधीत्स्वस्वसुस्तोकान्क्रोशन्त्या असुतृप्खल: । किं नु स्वित्तत्प्रजानां व: कुशलं विमृशामहे ॥ ४२ ॥
yo ’vadhīt sva-svasus tokān
[yo ’vadheet sva-svasus tokaan]
krośantyā asu-tṛp khalaḥ
[kroshantyaa asu-trip khalah]
kiṁ nu svit tat-prajānāṁ vaḥ
[kim nu svit tat-prajaanaam vah]
kuśalaṁ vimṛśāmahe
[kushalam vimrishaamahe]
yaḥ — who avadhīt — killed sva — of his own svasuḥ — sister tokān — the babies krośantyāḥ — who was crying asu - tṛp — self-indulgent khalaḥ — cruel kim nu — what then svit — indeed tat — his prajānām — of the subjects vaḥ — you kuśalam — well-being vimṛśāmahe — we should conjecture .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yo ’vadhīt sva-svasus tokān
krośantyā asu-tṛp khalaḥ
yaḥ
who
avadhīt
killed
kiṁ nu svit tat-prajānāṁ vaḥ
sva
of his own
svasuḥ
sister
tokān
the babies
krośantyāḥ
who was crying
asu - tṛp
self-indulgent
khalaḥ
cruel
kim nu
what then
svit
indeed
tat
his
prajānām
of the subjects
vaḥ
you
kuśalaṁ vimṛśāmahe
kuśalam
well-being
vimṛśāmahe
we should conjecture .
  • svasuḥ — of his own sister
    Genitive of svasṛ — sister. Devakī, Kaṁsa's own sister. Gauḍīyas note the relational vocabulary: Nanda does not say "of the queen"; he says "his own sister," sharpening the violation of svadharma.
  • tokān — the babies
    Accusative plural of toka — child, infant. The smallest, most vulnerable register of human life. Bhāgavata uses toka deliberately when innocence-killing is in view. Gauḍīyas regard this as the worst possible category of adharma.
  • krośantyāḥ — of her (Devakī) who was crying out
    Genitive of present participle of √kruś — to cry, to wail. Devakī's wails as her babies were killed in front of her. The participle holds the scene in eternal present — the mother is still crying, in the syntax.
  • asu - tṛp — self-indulgent
    Compound: asu (vital breath, self) + tṛp (sated). One satisfied with mere self-life — the demonic disposition par excellence. Gauḍīyas read asu-tṛpta as the inverse of bhakta — sated by self, not by Bhagavān.
  • khalaḥ — cruel
    Wicked, cruel-minded. Bhāgavata vocabulary for the asura-type. Gauḍīyas distinguish khala from mere kṛūra (cruel): khala connotes the persistent disposition toward harm, not occasional brutality.
  • prajānām — of the subjects
    Genitive plural of prajā — subjects, offspring. The same word denotes "children" and "citizens" in Sanskrit; a king's duty is to be praja-pati, the lord-as-father. Gauḍīyas use this verse to teach the inverted logic: a king who eats his children cannot protect his subjects.
That cruel, self-serving Kaṁsa murdered the infants of his own sister in her presence, even as she cried in anguish. So why should we even ask about the well-being of you, his subjects?
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
That cruel, self-serving Kaṁsa murdered the infants of his own sister in her presence, even as she cried in anguish. So why should we even ask about the well-being of you, his subjects?
Commentary

How can one consider asking about the welfare of those people who are dependent on one who kills his sister’s baby (tokan), o Akrura (he).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Nanda calls Devakī Kaṁsa’s sister, because of their close relationship. It was not proper to kill the sons’ of one’s sister. And then were also small children, just born. And she cried in grief as he did this. This shows Kaṁsa’s great cruelty and Devakī’s great sorrow. And this was only so that Kaṁsa could protect his own body (asu-tṛp). And these children were innocent. Since Kaṁsa made false accusations he was a crafty person. How much well-being do persons who are dependent on him (prajānām) have? Nu indicates calling attention. Svit indicates conjecture. Kim kuśalam means “how much well-being.”

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)
Related verses
Concepts
Jiva
Cruel Kaṁsa murdered his sister's infants in front of her as she cried; how can subjects fare any better? Honest naming of evil is part of devotee speech; we don't have to pretend tyrants are tolerable.
Reflection Questions
  • What evil have you been refusing to name because naming feels impolitic?
  • Where could clearer speech protect the vulnerable in your circle?

A man who would murder his own sister's infants in her presence is not constrained by ordinary calculation. Nanda's logic is grim and straightforward: if Kaṁsa will kill nephews, he will kill anyone. The verse pulls the reader's attention to Devakī's lost sons — the seven who never grew up.

Devakī's six lost sons

Kaṁsa, having heard the prophecy that the eighth son of Devakī would kill him, took the precaution of slaughtering each of her sons as they were born — six of them, smashed against the stone before their mother's eyes (SB 10.1, 10.4).

Nanda invokes this episode obliquely — "who killed his own sister's babies as she cried" — and the entire weight of Canto 10's opening descends on the verse. Gauḍīyas read Nanda's question as both family-concern and devotional theology: Kṛṣṇa's appearance is the long-awaited end of this slaughter.

📝 My note

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