FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.29.8

ता वार्यमाणा: पतिभि: पितृभिर्भ्रातृबन्धुभि: । गोविन्दापहृतात्मानो न न्यवर्तन्त मोहिता: ॥ ८ ॥
tā vāryamāṇāḥ patibhiḥ
[taa vaaryamaanaah patibhih]
pitṛbhir bhrātṛ-bandhubhiḥ
[pitribhir bhraatri-bandhubhih]
govindāpahṛtātmāno
[govindaapahritaatmaano]
na nyavartanta mohitāḥ
[na nyavartanta mohitaah]
tāḥ — they vāryamāṇāḥ — being checked patibhiḥ — by their husbands pitṛbhiḥ — by their fathers bhrātṛ — brothers bandhubhiḥ — and other relatives govinda — by Lord Kṛṣṇa apahṛta — stolen away ātmānaḥ — their very selves na nyavartanta — they did not turn back mohitāḥ — enchanted .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tā vāryamāṇāḥ patibhiḥ
tāḥ
they
vāryamāṇāḥ
being checked
patibhiḥ
by their husbands
pitṛbhir bhrātṛ-bandhubhiḥ
pitṛbhiḥ
by their fathers
bhrātṛ
brothers
bandhubhiḥ
and other relatives
govindāpahṛtātmāno
govinda
by Lord Kṛṣṇa
apahṛta
stolen away
ātmānaḥ
their very selves
na nyavartanta mohitāḥ
na nyavartanta
they did not turn back
mohitāḥ
enchanted .
  • vāryamāṇāḥ — being forbidden
    Passive present participle of √vṛ — to obstruct. The grammar is passive; the action of the family is incomplete because its object — the gopīs' will — is no longer available to be obstructed.
  • govinda — Kṛṣṇa, who gives pleasure to the cows / senses / earth
    One of the names Rūpa Gosvāmī especially loves. Etymology: go (cows, senses, earth) + vinda (one who finds, pleases). In a verse about a tug-of-war between household and Kṛṣṇa, the chosen name is the one that means 'pleasure-of-the-Vraja-cows.'
  • apahṛta-ātmānaḥ — their selves stolen away
    Compound: apahṛta (carried off) + ātmā (self). The ātmā here is not the impersonal Self of the Advaitin but the specific personal interiority of each gopī — already in Kṛṣṇa's keeping. Acintya-bhedābheda in narrative form.
  • mohitāḥ — enchanted
    Past participle of √muh — to be bewildered. Material mohaḥ binds; this mohaḥ liberates. Gauḍīyas distinguish yogamāyā-mohanam (Kṛṣṇa's enchantment, which frees) from mahāmāyā-moha (which binds) — the verse depicts the first.
  • na nyavartanta — they did not turn back
    Aorist of ni-√vṛt with negation. The same root as Prahlāda's na-nivartante and as the gopīs' later resolve (verse 30, anuraktāḥ). Non-return is the signature of niṣkāma-bhakti — once the orientation is set, it is irreversible.
Their husbands, fathers, brothers and other relatives tried to stop them, but Kṛṣṇa had already stolen their hearts. Enchanted by the sound of His flute, they refused to turn back.

Some of the young gopīs were married, and their husbands tried to stop them. The unmarried girls had to deal with their fathers and brothers and other relatives. None of these relatives would have ordinarily allowed even the young girls’ dead bodies to go alone into the forest at night, but Lord Kṛṣṇa had already engaged His internal potency, and thus the entire romantic episode unfolded without interference.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
Their husbands, fathers, brothers and other relatives tried to stop them, but Kṛṣṇa had already stolen their hearts. Enchanted by the sound of His flute, they refused to turn back.
Commentary

Out of extreme love the gopis gave up all duties. That is expected. But how could they give up their husbands and fathers? Though the husbands tried to stop their wives and the fathers tried to stop the unmarried gopis, they could not dissuade them from going, because their very souls had been stolen by Govinda, what to speak of their fear, bashfulness and control, and they were thus in trance, mohitah, like puppets controlled by strings. But how could the husbands tolerate letting their wives go elsewhere in a weakened state, fearing danger to their bodies? That is true, and therefore yogamaya allowed this to happen. She did this by producing replica bodies of the gopis who returned their husbands’ houses, while the original gopis left for the forest.

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

They gave up shyness which was hard to give up because of their natural chastity, though their relatives made them aware of external reality by force. Though they were blocked by husbands and others who said, “Where are you going at night outside?” they could not be prevented and they went. Why? They had lost power of discrimination. What was the cause? Their hearts had been stolen by Govinda. The husbands became slack because of the strength of their devotion to Kṛṣṇa which destroyed all obstacles. Some were prevented by husbands who were at home. Others were prevented by parents, since they were not married. rakṣet kanyāṁ pitaḥ prauḍhāṁ patiḥ putras tu vārdhake Abhāve jātayas tv evaṁ na svātantryaṁ kvacit striyaḥ Women should be protected by the father before marriage and by the husband when they are married and by the son when they are old, or the absence of these by other relatives. Women should never be independent. Yājñavalkya Smṛti 1.85

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Though reminded by their relatives, they lost all sense of discrimination because of attraction to the Lord. Though they were all prevented by their husbands and others, by showing them dharma and by holding their hands, they could not be stopped. They went. Why? They had lost all discrimination. Why? Because of the king of Gokula (govinda) or “he who rules over the senses.” Those who were scant in materials were robbed by he who was greatest in ownership. Since their minds had been internally stolen by the internal lord, who was most attractive and ruled their lives, they could not be stopped, just as a boat swept away by the current cannot be brought to the shore by persons on the boat or by the captain. Their souls (ātma) had been stolen by Govinda. As a pun, they were thus without life (nivṛtta, nyavartanta). They were without purpose in living. The husbands are mentioned first since they were the chief participants in the auspicious or inauspicious actions of their wives. Then fathers are mentioned, since they had affection, and would be blamed for the irregular conduct of their daughters. Then brothers with special affection, and fear of infamy. Friends were worried about faults to the family. rakṣet kanyāṁ pitaḥ prauḍhāṁ patiḥ putras tu vārdhake Abhāve jātayas tv evaṁ na svātantryaṁ kvacit striyaḥ Women should be protected by the father before marriage and by the husband when they are married and by the son when they are old, or the absence of these by other relatives. Women should never be independent. Yājñavalkya Smṛti 1.85 Four protectors are mentioned in the Bhāgavatam verse. Sons are not mentioned, since the gopīs had not given birth to sons. The order of the list is from most important to less important since the later persons have less control over the relationship. Thus the husbands were the most active in preventing them from leaving, but all were involving since they were all family members. Or in rejecting the first membes, the others feared that gopīs would take shelter of them, and thus they also prevented them. Or some were prevented by husbands who were at home. Others were prevented by parents, since they were not married.

Related values
Anahankarah (Freedom from False Ego)Apaishunam (Non-slander)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
Concepts
Dharma
Husbands, fathers, brothers, relatives try to stop them, but Kṛṣṇa has stolen their hearts; enchanted, they refuse to turn back. Real call also produces real conflict with the social world that didn't hear it.
Reflection Questions
  • Whose well-intentioned 'stop' am I currently weighing against an inner pull I should follow?
  • Where is heart-theft the right diagnosis for my disobedience?

Husbands, fathers, brothers stand in the doorway like riverbanks; the gopīs are the river. Banks shape ordinary water — but a river already taken by the sea pays the banks no attention.

Prahlāda undeterred by Hiraṇyakaśipu

Bhāgavatam 7.5: Prahlāda's father — the most fearsome obstacle in the cosmos — throws him from cliffs, into pits of serpents, under elephants' feet. Prahlāda does not turn back from Kṛṣṇa because Govinda has already taken his heart.

The gopīs in this verse are in the same position: their nearest relatives forbid them, and they cannot turn because govinda-apahṛta-ātmānaḥ — the Self has already been carried off. Devotee literature reads the two scenes as parallel grammar of surrender, one in vīra-rasa, one in mādhurya.

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