FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.16.23

इत्थं स्वगोकुलमनन्यगतिं निरीक्ष्य सस्त्रीकुमारमतिदु:खितमात्महेतो: । आज्ञाय मर्त्यपदवीमनुवर्तमान: स्थित्वा मुहूर्तमुदतिष्ठदुरङ्गबन्धात् ॥ २३ ॥
ittham sva-gokulam ananya-gatiṁ nirīkṣya
[ittham sva-gokulam ananya-gatim nireekshya]
sa-strī-kumāram ati-duḥkhitam ātma-hetoḥ
[sa-stree-kumaaram ati-duhkhitam aatma-hetoh]
ājñāya martya-padavīm anuvartamānaḥ
[aajnaaya martya-padaveem anuvartamaanah]
sthitvā muhūrtam udatiṣṭhad uraṅga-bandhāt
[sthitvaa muhoortam udatishthad uranga-bandhaat]
ittham — in this fashion sva - gokulam — His own community of Gokula ananya - gatim — having no other goal or shelter (than Him) nirīkṣya — observing sa - strī — including the women kumāram — and children ati - duḥkhitam — extremely distressed ātma - hetoḥ — on His account ājñāya — understanding martya - padavīm — the way of mortals anuvartamānaḥ — imitating sthitvā — remaining muhūrtam — for some time udatiṣṭhat — He rose up uraṅga — of the serpent bandhāt — from the bonds .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
ittham sva-gokulam ananya-gatiṁ nirīkṣya
ittham
in this fashion
sva - gokulam
His own community of Gokula
ananya - gatim
having no other goal or shelter (than Him)
nirīkṣya
observing
sa-strī-kumāram ati-duḥkhitam ātma-hetoḥ
sa - strī
including the women
kumāram
and children
ati - duḥkhitam
extremely distressed
ātma - hetoḥ
on His account
ājñāya martya-padavīm anuvartamānaḥ
ājñāya
understanding
martya - padavīm
the way of mortals
anuvartamānaḥ
imitating
sthitvā muhūrtam udatiṣṭhad uraṅga-bandhāt
sthitvā
remaining
muhūrtam
for some time
udatiṣṭhat
He rose up
uraṅga
of the serpent
bandhāt
from the bonds .
  • ananya - gatim — (those who have) no other shelter or goal
    Compound: an (not) + anya (other) + gati (goal/shelter). The technical Gauḍīya term for exclusive devotion — Gītā 9.22's ananyāś cintayanto mām. Vraja embodies it natively, without philosophy.
  • ātma - hetoḥ — on His own account / for Himself
    Compound: ātma + hetu (cause). The villagers suffer 'on His account' — their distress is itself caused by their love for Him. Gauḍīya doctrine: even pain in love is a form of bhakti.
  • martya - padavīm — the role of a mortal
    Compound: martya (mortal) + padavī (path, role). Bhagavān is anuvartamāna — following — the mortal role. Acintya-bhedābheda: He is fully Bhagavān AND fully playing the boy, without contradiction.
  • uraṅga - bandhāt — from the bondage of the serpent
    Compound: uraṅga (snake) + bandha (binding). The bondage is loose: He rises out of it the moment He wills. Foreshadows the gopīs' use of the same word-field in mādhurya — only love binds Him truly.
The Lord remained for some time within the coils of the serpent, imitating the behavior of an ordinary mortal. But when He understood that the women, children and other residents of His village of Gokula were in acute distress because of their love for Him, their only shelter and goal in life, He immediately rose up from the bonds of the Kāliya serpent.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
The Lord remained for some time within the coils of the serpent, imitating the behavior of an ordinary mortal. But when He understood that the women, children and other residents of His village of Gokula were in acute distress because of their love for Him, their only shelter and goal in life, He immediately rose up from the bonds of the Kāliya serpent.
Commentary

Seeing that they had no other resort (anyanya gatim) , and understanding completely (ajnaya) the sorrow of the inhabitants of Vraja, after remaining for a muhurta (two hours) in a motionless state, Krsna said, " You have shown enough of your strength to me. Now, I will show you a little prowess of my own, though I am just a cowherd boy." Saying that, he broke free from the snake (uranga) and stood up (udatisthat).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Seeing the people of Gokula in that condition, having no other protector, understanding completely the extreme suffering of everyone including women and children because of him, after remaining in the coils for a moment, to follow the path proper conduct, Kṛṣṇa then released himself from the snake’s coils. He saw all the people of Gokula in a condition in that condition of bewilderment (ittham). They had no other shelter than him, having accepted him as their protector. Instead of gatim the word patim is sometimes seen, with a similar meaning. He then rose up from the coils of the snake. After some moments he got free. Why did he remain there for some time? He followed the conduct of letting people see the fault of the person whom he would punish (martya-padavīm anuvartamānaḥ). Why did he rise up? If he did not rise up, he saw that Gokula which was himself (sva) would not live. Gokula had no other protector (ananya-gatim). Or, they could not but go into the water (gatim) because of his precarious condition in the coils of the snake. He saw that they were about to enter the water. Seeing their condition he decided to rise because of their actions. The form udatiṣṭhat is poetic license. He completely understood (ājñāya) that all people including the women and children had reached the pinnacle of suffering on account of him. Sa-strī-kumāram is an indeclinable compound expressing a group. Kṛṣṇa by his nature cannot tolerate the suffering of any being. And they were suffering because of him, not themselves. And they were suffering because of his suffering. Thus he released himself from the snake’s coils. He did this quickly. All this was seen by the people of Vraja.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Seeing the people of Gokula in that condition, having no other protector, understanding completely the extreme suffering of everyone including women and children because of him, after remaining in the coils for a moment, to follow the path proper conduct, Kṛṣṇa then released himself from the snake’s coils. He saw all the people of Gokula in that condition of bewilderment (ittham). They had no other shelter than him, having accepted him as their protector. He then rose up (udatiṣṭhad) from the coils of the snake. Instead of gatim the word patim is sometimes seen, with a similar meaning. Or being grieved by their lamentable condition (ittham), seeing himself as the lord of dedicated souls (ananya-patim), he thought he must immediately protect them. He accepted that he was the cause of their suffering. Understanding that Gokula should be protected, he could not tolerate the suffering of others by his nature. Therefore he quickly rose, because he felt he was the cause of misery for his devotees. He was particularly disturbed by the suffering of women like Yaśodā (śtrī) and young boys like Śrīdāmā (kumaram). Or seeing Gokula (sva-gokulam) in this state (ittham), suffering and wanting to die, understanding (ājñāta) Nanda who had nothing in life except Kṛṣṇa (ananya-patim), or understanding Nanda, the lord of the surrendered devotes (ananya-patim), along with women and boys, was suffering because of him, Kṛṣṇa released himself from the snake’s coils. Or ananya can be an address to Parīkṣit. O surrendered soul! As with you, Kṛṣṇa necessarily gave these surrendered souls unlimited auspiciousness while protecting their lives. Patim still refers to the lord of Gokula. The rest of the meaning is the same. Showing human pastimes (martya-padam anuvartamānaḥ), or showing to the people Kāliya’s fault by punishing him, remaining for another moment in the snake’s coils, he quickly freed himself. The real meaning is that he remained for a moment in the snake’s coils because he followed the world’s custom of being unable to free himself from a loving embrace.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Kartavya (Duty / Responsibility)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)Yajña (Sacrifice / Spirit of Offering)
Related verses
Imitating a mortal, Kṛṣṇa stays still in the coils — until He sees that the women, children, and elders of Gokula are in acute distress. Then He rises. The Lord's response is triggered not by His own pain but by ours.
Reflection Questions
  • Where in my prayer am I describing my own pain when His response comes when I share another's?
  • Whose distress, if I lifted it to Him, would He rise to answer?

Kṛṣṇa has remained still long enough — long enough for the village to come, long enough for love to crystallize, long enough for Kāliya to be wholly inside the trap of his own grip. Now Bhagavān expands His own body; the serpent who thought he held God discovers he is holding Infinity.

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