FolioCorpusŚrīmad-Bhāgavatam

Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.15.19

एवं निगूढात्मगति: स्वमायया गोपात्मजत्वं चरितैर्विडम्बयन् । रेमे रमालालितपादपल्लवो ग्राम्यै: समं ग्राम्यवदीशचेष्टित: ॥ १९ ॥
evaṁ nigūḍhātma-gatiḥ sva-māyayā
[evam nigoodhaatma-gatih sva-maayayaa]
gopātmajatvaṁ caritair viḍambayan
[gopaatmajatvam charitair vidambayan]
reme ramā-lālita-pāda-pallavo
[reme ramaa-laalita-paada-pallavo]
grāmyaiḥ samaṁ grāmya-vad īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ
[graamyaih samam graamya-vad eesha-cheshtitah]
evam — in this way nigūḍha — hidden away ātma - gatiḥ — His personal opulence sva - māyayā — by His own mystical potency gopa - ātmajatvam — the status of being the son of a cowherd caritaiḥ — by His activities viḍambayan — pretending reme — He enjoyed ramā — by the goddess of fortune lālita — attended pāda - pallavaḥ — His feet, which are tender like new buds grāmyaiḥ samam — together with village persons grāmya - vat — like a village personality īśa - ceṣṭitaḥ — although also displaying feats unique to the Supreme Lord .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
evaṁ nigūḍhātma-gatiḥ sva-māyayā
evam
in this way
nigūḍha
hidden away
ātma - gatiḥ
His personal opulence
sva - māyayā
by His own mystical potency
gopātmajatvaṁ caritair viḍambayan
gopa - ātmajatvam
the status of being the son of a cowherd
caritaiḥ
by His activities
viḍambayan
pretending
reme ramā-lālita-pāda-pallavo
reme
He enjoyed
ramā
by the goddess of fortune
lālita
attended
pāda - pallavaḥ
His feet, which are tender like new buds
grāmyaiḥ samaṁ grāmya-vad īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ
grāmyaiḥ samam
together with village persons
grāmya - vat
like a village personality
īśa - ceṣṭitaḥ
although also displaying feats unique to the Supreme Lord .
  • nigūḍha ātma-gatiḥ — His personal opulence hidden away
    nigūḍha (concealed) + ātma-gati (His own movement/opulence). Gauḍīya: this is the doctrine of nara-līlā — the Lord conceals His Godhood to permit Vraja-style intimacy. Aiśvarya, displayed, blocks mādhurya.
  • sva-māyayā — by His own mystical potency
    sva (own) + māyā (potency). Gauḍīya critical point: this is yoga-māyā, His internal energy — NOT mahā-māyā, the external bewildering energy. Vraja runs on yoga-māyā; that is why even Yaśodā binds the boundless.
  • gopa-ātmajatvam — the status of being the son of a cowherd
    gopa (cowherd) + ātmaja (son) + tva (state). The status of being Yaśodā's boy. Gauḍīyas: this status outranks svayaṁ-bhagavān-status in mādhurya — He prefers being called gopa-ātmaja to being called puruṣottama.
  • ramā — by the goddess of fortune
    Lakṣmī. Gauḍīya: even Ramā attends His pāda-pallava — yet He chooses to play with gopa-boys who do not attend ceremonially. The presence of Ramā at His feet is a constant background fact; the foreground is Vraja-play.
  • īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ — displaying feats unique to the Supreme Lord
    īśa (Lord) + ceṣṭita (acts performed). The give-away. The disguise leaks. Gauḍīya: He cannot fully hide — every now and then, lifting Govardhana or killing Pūtanā, the Godhood shows. The leaks are deliberate; they keep faith alive.
In this way the Supreme Lord, whose soft lotus feet are personally attended by the goddess of fortune, concealed His transcendental opulences by His internal potency and acted like the son of a cowherd. Yet even while enjoying like a village boy in the company of other village residents, He often exhibited feats only God could perform.
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
In this way the Supreme Lord, whose soft lotus feet are personally attended by the goddess of fortune, concealed His transcendental opulences by His internal potency and acted like the son of a cowherd. Yet even while enjoying like a village boy in the company of other village residents, He often exhibited feats only God could perform.
Commentary

Covering his powers by yogamaya, as a cowherd boy, he mocked the role of being son of a king. (gopa can mean protector of the earth as well as protector of the cows). Though his lotus feet are served by Laksmi, covering that, he played like an ordinary boy with ordinary friends. But not only did he act covering his powers, sometimes he engaged in pastimes such as killing demons which showed his great powers (isa cestitah).

Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

This verse summarized the pastimes, explaining the attractiveness of the pastimes and indicating other activities not specifically mentioned. Kṛṣṇa, whose feet were attended by Lakṣmī in other avatāra forms, attained pleasure (reme) in Vṛndāvana. This indicates that the pleasure in this place made him indifferent to the pleasure of pastimes with Lakṣmī. He took the incomparable form of an ordinary cowherd boy (caritaiḥ viḍambayan) as mentioned in SB 10.5.1. He showed in himself the extraordinary nature of being born as a cowherd. “How can the Lord be anyone’s son?” He did this because of mercy (māyayā) to his parents Nanda and Yaśodā (sva), controlled by their vatsalya-bhāva. He had particular sweetness filled with great affection (ātmā-gatiḥ) which cannot be understood at all by anyone (nigūḍha). He enjoyed with his friends like a friend. Since he was a son, the word “friend” is used to show intimacy. How can the manifestation of qualities of the Lord be suitable with this description? He performed activities which showed the power of the Lord (īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ). His līlā-śakti, with powers similar to his, though not requested, makes all arrangements.

Śrīdhara Svāmī Gauḍīya
Commentary

Indicating other pastimes not mentioned on that day, this verse summarizes the forest pastimes of that day. In that way (evam) or with these specific activities, he whose feet are served by Lakṣmī enjoyed (reme). The happiness he derived from playing as a cowherd was greater than the happiness from having his lotus feet served by Lakṣmī. Or Ramā can refer to she who gives enjoyment to Kṛṣṇa, Rādhā-devī. He whose feet are served by Rādhā enjoyed. The ingredients for enjoyment such as wandering in the forest during the day and getting relief from fatigue by foot massage have been shown. How did he act? He revealed himself (viḍambayam) as a cowherd by his actions. Or he accepted the cowherd boy form. How does he manifest this form when he has an obvious display of power? He does so by his śakti called māyā (sva-māyayā) or by his mercy. His particular sweetness (ātma-gatiḥ) is hidden even in the Upaniṣads (gūḍa). He acted like an ordinary friend (samam) with ordinary friends. He appeared most ordinary. This indicates the sweetness of his cowherd pastimes. How does this agree with many statements about manifesting his power as Bhagavān? He has the actions of the Lord (īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ). This means his actions were not material. The human-like and extraordinary features of Kṛṣṇa as Bhagavān were previously proven. Nigūḍātma-gatiḥ can also meant that he went to Gokula secretly by Vasudeva’s efforts. Thus his actions as a cowherd were the principal pastimes since he acted according to Nanda’s awareness that he was his son, though he acted with all powers (īśa-ceṣṭitaḥ). Or though he acted with full powers, he enjoyed as an ordinary person (gramyavat). The cowherd pastimes were superior to his lordly pastimes.

Related values
Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Maitri (Friendship / Goodwill)Kritajnata (Gratitude)Kartavya (Duty / Responsibility)Satya (Truthfulness)Samata (Equanimity / Even-mindedness)Dana (Charity / Generosity)
Related verses
Concepts
BhavaMayaAtma
Whose feet Lakṣmī herself massages now plays as a village boy, occasionally letting slip a feat only God could perform. The Lord's incognito is His normal mood; the divine flashes are the exceptions.
Reflection Questions
  • Where have I been waiting for the Lord's flashy interventions and missing the ordinary play?
  • How would my life shift if I assumed God is mostly here as a village boy I haven't recognized?

A great king lives undetected in a village for years — eats simple food, sleeps in a small room, calls the neighbors uncle and aunt — yet every so often does something only a king could do, and the village shakes its head and moves on. Kṛṣṇa lives this way in Vṛndāvana: gopa-ātmajatvam by day, īśa-ceṣṭitam by occasional flash. The disguise is by His own internal energy.

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