Bhagavad-gītā 17.25
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
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tat
—
that
The demonstrative pronoun. Tat in Sanskrit refers always to something other than the speaker — 'that, over there.' The grammar of the word performs renunciation: by uttering tat, one names what is not oneself, what one cannot hold. The syllable for fruit-renouncing acts.
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iti
—
thus
The quotation/naming particle. Sanskrit uses iti to mark a word as being *cited* rather than used directly. The verse insists the syllable tat be uttered self-consciously — as a deliberate consecration — not as casual filler. Iti makes the utterance ritual.
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anabhisandhāya
—
without desiring
Gerund of an + abhi + sam + √dhā — negation of the abhisandhāya of verse 12. The same root, reversed. Verse 12 condemned abhisandhāya phalam in rajasic sacrifice; verse 25 prescribes its opposite for tat-consecrated action.
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phalam
—
the fruitive result
The word phala once again — appearing for at least the fifth time in this chapter. Each appearance refines the relationship: in sattva, no expectation; in rajas, primary aim; in tamas, irrelevant to the malformed act. Here, explicitly renounced.
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mokṣa - kāṅkṣibhiḥ
—
by those who desire liberation
Compound: mokṣa (liberation) + kāṅkṣin (one who longs for). Instrumental plural. Note the careful theology: the only acceptable kāṅkṣā (longing) in this chapter is for mokṣa. Phala-kāṅkṣā binds; mokṣa-kāṅkṣā unbinds. The grammar of desire matters more than the fact of desire.
Plain meaning (तात्पर्य · Tātparya)
Further notes (विवरण · Vivaraṇa)
Prose order (अन्वय · Anvaya)
Word split (पदच्छेद · Padaccheda)
Grammar (व्याकरण · Vyākaraṇa)
| Sanskrit | IAST | Grammar | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| तत् | tat | तद् (dem. (demonstrative) pron. (pronoun)) nom./acc.sg. (accusative singular)n., used as quoted mantra | 'That' (the second member of the mahāvākya) |
| इति | iti | ind. (indeclinable), quotative | thus |
| अनभिसन्धाय | anabhisandhāya | अन् + अभि + सम् + √धा abs. (absolutive) | without aiming/targeting |
| फलम् | phalam | फल (n.) acc.sg. (accusative singular) | fruit, reward |
| यज्ञ-तपः-क्रियाः | yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ | यज्ञ + तपस् + क्रिया (f.) nom.pl. (nominative plural), tatpuruṣa cpd. (compound) | acts of sacrifice and austerity |
| दान-क्रियाः | dāna-kriyāḥ | दान (n.) + क्रिया (f.) nom.pl. (nominative plural), tatpuruṣa cpd. (compound) | acts of charity |
| च | ca | ind. (indeclinable) | and |
| विविधाः | vividhāḥ | विविध (adj.) nom.pl. (nominative plural)f. | various, manifold |
| क्रियन्ते | kriyante | √कृ pass. (passive) pres. (present) 3pl. | are performed |
| मोक्ष-काङ्क्षिभिः | mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ | मोक्ष (m.) + काङ्क्षिन् (adj.) ins.pl. (instrumental plural)m., tatpuruṣa cpd. (compound) | by those longing for liberation |
To be elevated to the spiritual position, one should not act for any material gain. Acts should be performed for the ultimate gain of being transferred to the spiritual kingdom, back to home, back to Godhead.
Because the word sat indicating Brahman is present in the most excellent or auspicious things, it should be used in all auspicious activities whether material or spiritual. That is explained in two verses. The word sat indicates Brahman (sad bhāve) and the seekers of Brahman (sādhu bhāve).
Sat is situated (sthitiḥ) in sacrifice and other works since it is the goal of those works. Any work suitable for serving Brahman (tad-arthīyam) such as cleaning the Lord’s temple, is called sat.
The Supreme Lord indicated by the word sat exists in all other excellent things. Therefore the word sat is used during the performance of all auspicious activities. This is expressed in two verses. The word sat is used to indicate brahman (brahma bhāve) and the knower of brahman (sādhu bhāve), such as in the phrase sad eva saumya (this is brhaman) and satāṁ prasaṅgāt (from association with the knowers of brahman). Therefore the word sat is suitable to use on auspicious actions such as upanayana and marriage. Bg 17.26, Bg 17.27, Bg 17.26-27 SaḤave SaaDau>aave c SaidTYaeTaTPa[YauJYaTae ) Pa[XaSTae k-MaRi<a TaQaa SaC^Bd" PaaQaR YauJYaTae )) 26 )) Yaje TaPaiSa daNae c iSQaiTa" SaidiTa caeCYaTae ) k-MaR cEv TadQasYa& SaidTYaevai>aDaqYaTae )) 27 )) sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate karma caiva tad-arthīyaṁ sad ity evābhidhīyate sat-bhāve—in the sense of the nature of the Supreme; sādhu-bhāve—in the sense of the nature of the devotee; ca—also; sat—the word sat; iti—thus; etat—this; prayujyate—is used; praśaste—in bona fide; karmaṇi—activities; tathā—also; sat-śabdaḥ—the sound sat; pārtha—O son of Pṛthā; yujyate—is used; yajñe—in sacrifice; tapasi—in penance; dāne—in charity; ca—also; sthitiḥ—the situation; sat—the Supreme; iti—thus; ca—and; ucyate—is pronounced; karma—work; ca—also; eva—certainly; tat—for that; arthīyam—meant; sat—the Supreme; iti—thus; eva—certainly; abhidhīyate—is indicated.
What is permanent (sthitiḥ) in sacrifice, austerity and charity in terms of their objective being permanent, is indicated by sat. Acts for the purpose of the Lord (tad arthīyam) who is indicated by these three names, such as building or cleaning His temple, are called sat. One must remember these three names. This should be considered an injunction, thought the grammatical form does not indicate it. The statement made was oṁ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas tri-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ: these three names of the Lord were remembered. This is similar to statements such as vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathamaṁ bhakṣyaḥ: the food belongs to the priest uttering vaṣaṭ. These statements must be regarded as injunctions or orders, however, because of the rule of uniqueness (apūrva) laid down by Jaimini, in Jaimini Sūtra 3.5.21. [Note: If a statement is unique in its context, even if it is not in the form of an injunction, it should be understood as an injunction. The present statement “The wise remembered the three names of Viṣṇu.” can then imply the following injunction: “We must remember the three names of Viṣṇū.”] Another reason for understanding the statement as an injunction is that uttering the names during sacrifice, charity and other actions, is necessary to remove all obstacles to attaining the final result. The smṛti says: pramādāt kurvatāṁ karma pracyavetādhvareṣu yat smaraṇād eva tad viṣṇoḥ sampūrṇaṁ syād iti śrutiḥ Whatever mistakes are committed in sacrifice out of inattention will be rectified by remembrance of Viṣṇu. This is the statement of the śruti. Garuḍa Purāṇa 1.230.13
Describes ‘tat’
17.25 तत् That? इति thus? अनभिसन्धाय without aiming at? फलम् fruit? यज्ञतपःक्रियाः acts of sacrifice and austerity? दानक्रियाः acts of gits? च and? विविधाः various? क्रियन्ते are performed? मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः by the seekers of liberation.Commentary With Tat With the utterance of the word Tat (That).Phalam Fruit of sacrifice? austerity and charity.Danakriyah Acts of charity such as gifts of land? gold? rice? clothes? etc.The immortal Soul which transcends the whole world? the three Gunas? the three bodies? the three,states of waking? dreaming and deep sleep? which illumines everything? which is the basis of all? and the source of everything is connoted by the word Tat. The sages and the aspirants meditate on Tat. They utter the word Tat and say? May all our actions and the fruits of them be in the name of Tat (That or Brahman).Thus they offer all actions and their fruits to Brahman and practise renunciation. They are freed from egoism and the bondage of Karma. They attain Selfrealisation through purity of heart caused by selfless? motiveless and desireless actions.The actions that is ennobled and sanctified by uttering Om at the beginning and which is offered to That is transformed into the nature of Brahman. All actions in their entirety? O Arjuna? culminate in wisdom (IV.33). He who does the actions with the spirit of sacrifice becomes Brahman eventually.Tat is symbolic of the presentation of all the fruits of all such activities to Brahman. If you utter Tat? it is tantamount to saying? They are nt mine. What has been begun with Om is given away to Brahman with the utterance of Tat.The use of Sat is described in the following verse.
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- Use Tat to consecrate fruit-renouncing acts.
- Pair the syllable with the actual renunciation.
- Don't speak the word without doing the deed.
- Where could I pair Tat with actual fruit-renunciation?
- What act am I ready to consecrate so?
Tat is like saying 'that' while pointing at a horizon you cannot grasp. The word's whole grammar refuses ownership — it names what it does not enclose. Acts consecrated with tat learn the same humility: the fruit is for that, not for me.
My note
Source: vedabase.io