FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Bhagavad-gītā 3.2

व्यामिश्रेणेव वाक्येन बुद्धिं मोहयसीव मे । तदेकं वद निश्चित्य येन श्रेयोऽहमाप्‍नुयाम् ॥ २ ॥
vyāmiśreṇeva vākyena
[vyaamishreneva vaakyena]
buddhiṁ mohayasīva me
[buddhim mohayaseeva me]
tad ekaṁ vada niścitya
[tad ekam vada nishchitya]
yena śreyo ’ham āpnuyām
[yena shreyo ’ham aapnuyaam]
vyāmiśreṇa — by equivocal iva — certainly vākyena — words buddhim — intelligence mohayasi — You are bewildering iva — certainly me — my tat — therefore ekam — only one vada — please tell niścitya — ascertaining yena — by which śreyaḥ — real benefit aham — I āpnuyām — may have .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
vyāmiśreṇeva vākyena
vyāmiśreṇa
by equivocal
buddhiṁ mohayasīva me
iva
certainly
tad ekaṁ vada niścitya
vākyena
words
buddhim
intelligence
mohayasi
You are bewildering
iva
certainly
me
my
tat
therefore
ekam
only one
vada
please tell
niścitya
ascertaining
yena śreyo ’ham āpnuyām
yena
by which
śreyaḥ
real benefit
aham
I
āpnuyām
may have .
  • vyāmiśreṇa — by equivocal, mixed
    From vi-ā-√miśr, to thoroughly intermix. Arjuna is not accusing Kṛṣṇa of contradiction — he is confessing that to *his* ear the teaching sounds blended. The word is honest about whose limitation is in question.
  • buddhim — intelligence
    Accusative. The same buddhi that Kṛṣṇa praised in 2.39–2.53 is now the very thing Arjuna says is bewildered — a deliberate echo. Until buddhi is steadied, the higher buddhi-yoga cannot land.
  • ekam — one (thing)
    The pivotal word. Arjuna is asking for *one* decisive instruction, not a synthesis. The sincere student wants reduction, not enrichment.
  • niścitya — having ascertained, decisively
    From ni-√ci, to gather down into one. Arjuna asks for a teaching that has been *decided upon*, not merely surveyed. He is requesting Kṛṣṇa's siddhānta, not His doxography.
  • śreyaḥ — real benefit, the higher good
    Distinct from preyas (the pleasant). Throughout the Upaniṣads and the Gītā, śreyas names what is ultimately good even when it tastes bitter now. Arjuna is asking for śreyas — he has already given up on preyas.
My intelligence is bewildered by Your equivocal instructions. Therefore, please tell me decisively which will be most beneficial for me.
How Sanskrit scholars read this verse — split, rearranged, grammar-tagged. For the plain English distilled meaning, jump to Plain meaning below.
Auto-generated study layers — original analysis of the public-domain śloka. Review against a published edition for academic work.
Plain meaning (तात्पर्य · Tātparya)
Arjuna's second cry: stop offering me both paths at once. The disciple asks for a single, decisive prescription. The double 'iva' ('as if') is honest — he knows the contradiction may be only apparent, but right now it paralyses him.
Further notes (विवरण · Vivaraṇa)
This verse marks Arjuna's full surrender to Kṛṣṇa as guru: he asks for one definite path (tad ekaṁ vada). The 'iva' particles soften the accusation — he is not charging Kṛṣṇa with confusion but confessing his own. The request frames the chapter: Kṛṣṇa will answer with karma-yoga as both the resolution and the integration of the two niṣṭhās.
Prose order (अन्वय · Anvaya)
व्यामिश्रेण इव वाक्येन मे बुद्धिम् मोहयसि इव; तत् एकम् निश्चित्य वद येन अहम् श्रेयः आप्नुयाम्।
vyāmiśreṇa iva vākyena me buddhim mohayasi iva; tat ekam niścitya vada yena aham śreyaḥ āpnuyām|
With seemingly equivocal speech You appear to bewilder my intelligence; therefore decisively tell me that one thing by which I may attain the highest good.
Word split (पदच्छेद · Padaccheda)
व्यामिश्रेण इव वाक्येन बुद्धिम् मोहयसि इव मे । तत् एकम् वद निश्चित्य येन श्रेयः अहम् आप्नुयाम् ॥
vyāmiśreṇa iva vākyena buddhim mohayasi iva me | tat ekam vada niścitya yena śreyaḥ aham āpnuyām ||
Grammar (व्याकरण · Vyākaraṇa)
SanskritIASTGrammarMeaning
व्यामिश्रेण vyāmiśreṇa वि+आ+√मिश्र् p.p.p. (past passive participle) → व्यामिश्र (adj.) ins.sg. (instrumental singular)n. mixed, equivocal
इव iva ind. (indeclinable), simile particle as if
वाक्येन vākyena वाक्य (n.) ins.sg. (instrumental singular) by (your) statement
बुद्धिम् buddhim बुद्धि (f.) acc.sg. (accusative singular) intelligence
मोहयसि mohayasi √मुह् caus. (causative) pres. (present) 2sg.par. (parasmaipada / active voice) you bewilder
मे me अस्मद् pron. (pronoun) gen.sg. (genitive singular) enclitic my
तत् tat dem. (demonstrative) pron. (pronoun) acc.sg. (accusative singular)n. that
एकम् ekam एक (num.) acc.sg. (accusative singular)n. one (single thing)
वद vada √वद् impv. 2sg.par. (parasmaipada / active voice) tell, say
निश्चित्य niścitya निस्+√चि abs. (absolutive) having ascertained
येन yena rel. pron. (pronoun) ins.sg. (instrumental singular)n. by which
श्रेयः śreyaḥ श्रेयस् (n., compar. (comparative)) acc.sg. (accusative singular) the highest good
अहम् aham अस्मद् pron. (pronoun) nom.sg. (nominative singular) I
आप्नुयाम् āpnuyām √आप् opt. (optative) 1sg.par. (parasmaipada / active voice) may attain

In the previous chapter, as a prelude to the Bhagavad-gītā, many different paths were explained, such as sāṅkhya-yoga, buddhi-yoga, control of the senses by intelligence, work without fruitive desire, and the position of the neophyte. This was all presented unsystematically. A more organized outline of the path would be necessary for action and understanding. Arjuna, therefore, wanted to clear up these apparently confusing matters so that any common man could accept them without misinterpretation. Although Kṛṣṇa had no intention of confusing Arjuna by any jugglery of words, Arjuna could not follow the process of Kṛṣṇa consciousness – either by inertia or by active service. In other words, by his questions he is clearing the path of Kṛṣṇa consciousness for all students who seriously want to understand the mystery of the Bhagavad-gītā.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
2. You bewilder me with Your mixture of words. Now speak clearly so that I may attain the highest benefit.
Commentary

“O My friend Arjuna, it is true that bhakti, beyond the guṇas is supreme. But since that is obtained only by the mercy of My great pure devotees in an unexpected manner, it is not attained by the efforts of the individual. Therefore, I have given a blessing to you: be transcendental to the guṇas (nistraiguṇya bhava): be transcendental to the guṇas by transcendental bhakti. When this blessing matures, you will attain bhakti by such unexpected mercy of the pure devotee. As it is fitting to the present circumstances, directing you to engage in activity is also valid, using the words karmaṇy evādhikāras te: you are qualified for action.” “Then why do You not clearly tell me to engage in activity? You throw me into an ocean of doubt. You bewilder my intelligence by those words which are mixture of various meanings (vyāmiśrena). [Note: The analysis of vyāmiśreṇa is vi for viśeṣataḥ, “particularly”; ā for “completely”; miśra, meaning mixture.] Though you have mentioned about action (karmaṇy evādhikāras te), you also speak of jñāna using the word yoga in such statements as the following: yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṁ tyaktvā dhanañjaya siddhy-asiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṁ yoga ucyate Being situated in this niṣkāma-karma-yoga, perform your duties, giving up attachment, being equal to success and failure, O conqueror of wealth! Such equal mindedness is called yoga. BG 2.48 buddhi-yukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛta-duṣkṛte tasmād yogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam He who is engaged in niṣkāma-karma-yoga gives up both pious and impious reactions. Therefore engage in this yoga. Among all types of action, this performance without attachment is a skill. BG 2.50 And you speak only of knowledge in such statements as yadā te moha-kalilaṁ buddhir vyatitariṣyati: when your intelligence has completely crossed the denseness of illusion… (BG 2.52). [Note: Confusion arises in Arjuna’s mind because of the use of the word “buddhi” and “śama” which are associated with jñāna. In karmaṇy evādhikāras te the Lord also speaks about complete renunciation of the fruits. And by the end of chapter two Kṛṣṇa shows that niṣkāma-karma matures into jñāna.] The word iva indicates that “Your words are not actually filled with many meanings, and it is not Your desire to bewilder me, as You are merciful. Nor is it that I do not know the meaning, but you should speak this clearly.” The deep sense is this: compared to karma in the mode of passion, karma in the mode of goodness is superior. [Note: This is niṣkāma-karma-yoga, in its mature stage.] Superior to that is jñāna, which is also sattvic. And bhakti, beyond the modes, is superior to that. If You say that bhakti is not possible for me, then instruct me on jñāna alone. Then I will be free from the bondage of saṁsāra and misery.

Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa Gauḍīya
Translation
2. You seem to bewilder me with your mixture of words. Now speak clearly so that I may attain the highest benefit.
Commentary

A statement concerning intellect directed towards both saṁkhya and karma yoga, concerning both stopping and engaging the senses, [Note: The phrase is indriya nivṛtti rūpayoḥ, which would mean “both involve stopping the senses.” It would appear that the word pravṛtti has been omitted, since karma yoga does not involve stopping the senses, but engaging them.] concerning both the goal of practice (sādhya) and the practice (sādhana), is called a mixed statement (vyāmiśra). By that statement, You seem to bewilder my intelligence (mohayasi iva). In reality, You, the lord of all beings, and my friend as well, would not bewilder me. But I, because of faults in my intelligence, think like this. That is the implication of the word iva. Therefore make one statement, without mixture of the two elements. The śrutis say: na karmaṇā na prajayā dhanena tyāgenaikenāmṛtatvam ānaśur pareṇa nākaṁ nihitaṁ guhāyāṁ vibhrājate yad yatayo viṣanti Not by performance of duty, by progeny or wealth, but by renunciation, they attained that immortality which the sannyāsīs attain, which is beyond heaven and shines within the heart. Mahā Nārāyaṇa Upaniṣad 86 nāsty akṛtaḥ kṛtena The eternal person (akṛtaḥ) is not attained by actions. Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad 1.2.12 By this I will gain the most beneficial process for me to be undertaken with conviction.

Bhūrijana Dāsa Gauḍīya
Commentary

Equivocal means two. Two things have been explained equally: ‑ jnana and karma‑yoga or buddhi‑yoga. Working and retirement, that is what Arjuna is understanding at this point. Arjuna's understanding is that karma or work and jnana, knowledge that one is not the body, are two separate things. This isn't true and Krsna is going to explain this and gradually we are going to understand that there is a yoga ladder and these are different steps on that yoga ladder.

[ B . FIGHT! DO YOUR DUTY BUT WITHOUT ATTACHMENT (3.3‑9) Krsna replies that since the soul is active by nature, renunciation of work, if one's heart is not yet clean, is inferior to performing one's prescribed duties with detachment. The Vedas therefore teach us to perform work as a sacrifice for Krsna. Thus our work will not bind us to this world.]

Gauranga Priya Dāsa Study
Bhakti-śāstrī Notes, ISKCON Chowpatty (2009)
Theme

COMMON THEME: Arjuna is confused

Based on Text 2.49, Arjuna doubts the compatibility of Karma (Duty of fighting) & Jnana (Buddhi –yoga based on knowledge of the soul) and requests for the one conclusive path
Śrī Śaṅkarācārya Classical
Translation
3.2 'Though the Lord speaks lucidly, still, to me who am of a dull understanding, the Lord's utterance appears to be conflicting.' 'Mohayasi, You bewilder; me, any; buddhim, understanding; iva, as it were; vyamisrena iva, by that seemingly conflicting; vakyena, statement! You have surely undertaken to dispel the confusion of my understanding; but why do You bewildered (it)? Hence I say, "You bewildered my understanding, as it were."' However, if You [In some readings, 'tvam tu, however, you', is substituted by 'tatra, as to that'.-Tr.] think that it is impossible for a single person to pursue both Knowledge and action, which can be undertaken (only) by different persons then, that being the case, vada, tell me; niscitya, for certain; tadekam, one of these, either Knowledge or action: "This indeed is fit for Arjuna, according to his understanding, strength and situation"; yena, by which, by one of either Knowledge or action; aham, I; apnuyam, may attain; sreyah, the highest Good.' Even if Knowledge had been spoken of at all by the Lord as being subsidiary to steadfastness in action, how then could there be the desire in Arjuna to know of only one of them, as expressed in 'Tell me one of these two?' Certainly the Lord did not say, 'I shall speak of only one among Knowledge and action, but surely not of both', owing to which, Arjuna, considering it impossible for himself to acire both, should have prayed for one only! The answer was in accordance witht the estion:
Śrī Rāmānujācārya Classical
Translation
3.2 Conseently, it appears to me as if 'you confuse me with statements that seem to contradict each other.' For, firm devotion to knowledge which forms the means for the vision of the self and which is of the nature of stopping the operations of the senses on the one hand, and on the other exhortation to action which is of a nature opposite to it, i.e., knowledge, as a means to the same vision of that Atman - these statements are contradictory and confusing. Therefore tell me clearly the path following which I can take a determined course and win the Supreme Being.
Śrī Abhinavagupta Classical
Translation
3.1-2 Jyayasi etc. and Vyamisrena etc. Action has been taught and knowledge too. Now it is proper [to attach] importance not to both, but only to knowledge. Now if with the strenght of knowledge the action is to be destroyed from its very root, according to the instruction 'The man of wisdom casts off [both the good and the bad action]', then what is the autility of action ? This is idea of [Arjuna's] estion. But the Bhagavat gives the answer :
Swami Sivananda Classical
Translation
3.2 With this apparently perplexing speech, Thou confusest, as it were, my understanding; therefore tell me that one way for certain by which I may attain bliss.
Commentary

3.2 व्यामिश्रेण perplexing? इव as it were? वाक्येन with speech? बुद्धिम् understanding? मोहयसि (Thou) confusest? इव as it were? मे my? तत् that? एकम् one? वद tell? निश्चित्य for certain? येन by which? श्रेयः bliss (the good or the highest)? अहम् I? आप्नुयाम् may attain.Commentary Arjuna says to Lord Krishna? Tecah me one of the two? knowledge or action? by which I may attain to the highest good or bliss or Moksha. (Cf.V.I).

Swami Gambhīrānanda Classical
Translation
3.2 You bewilder my understanding, as it were, by a seemingly conflicting statement! Tell me for certain one of these by which I may attain the highest Good.
Shri Purohit Swami Classical
Translation
3.2 Thy language perplexes me and confuses my reason. Therefore please tell me the only way by which I may, without doubt, secure my spiritual welfare.
Related values
Tyaga (Renunciation / Letting Go)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Ahimsa (Non-violence / Compassion)Tapas (Austerity / Discipline)Guru Bhakti (Reverence for Teacher)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)
Related verses
BG 2.7 BG 18.66 BG 4.34 SB 1.7.5 SB 11.3.21 SB 2.9.32 CC Madhya 22.31 CC Ādi 7.71 CC Madhya 8.128 Kaṭha Upaniṣad 1.2.7Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad 6.23
Concepts
Bhava
When teachings sound mixed, the sincere student admits being bewildered and asks for one clear instruction — not for synthesis.
Practical Applications
  • Stop trying to harmonize every teaching you've heard; ask your teacher: 'What should I do?'
  • Acknowledge the limits of your synthesis and trust your guide's authority.
  • Replace 'I'm confused' brooding with explicit submission and a written question.
Reflection Questions
  • Which authentic confusion am I hiding under intellectual gymnastics?
  • What single instruction would I want from Kṛṣṇa today if I asked plainly?

A patient with mixed prescriptions on the table does not blend the pills himself — he goes back to the physician and says, 'Tell me which one to take.' Arjuna refuses to play doctor with his own life.

Maitreyī Asks Yājñavalkya for the One Thing

When Yājñavalkya was about to leave home for the forest, he offered to divide his wealth between his two wives. Maitreyī, however, asked: 'Will all this wealth make me immortal?' When told it would not, she set aside the inheritance and asked instead for the one teaching that would.

Arjuna's question here is of the same shape. Kṛṣṇa has given him an abundance — analysis of the soul, karma-yoga, buddhi-yoga, the unmoved sage — and Arjuna, like Maitreyī, refuses to be enriched by a portfolio. He wants the one decisive instruction. Real students collapse the menu.

📝 My note

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