FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Bhagavad-gītā 17.25

తదిత్యనభిసన్ధాయ ఫలం యజ్ఞతప:క్రియా: । దానక్రియాశ్చ వివిధా: క్రియన్తే మోక్షకాఙ్‌‍క్షిభి: ॥ ౨౫ ॥
tad ity anabhisandhāya
[tad ity anabhisandhaaya]
phalaṁ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ
[phalam yajna-tapah-kriyaah]
dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ
[daana-kriyaash cha vividhaah]
kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ
[kriyante moksha-kaankshibhih]
tat — that iti — thus anabhisandhāya — without desiring phalam — the fruitive result yajña — of sacrifice tapaḥ — and penance kriyāḥ — activities dāna — of charity kriyāḥ — activities ca — also vividhāḥ — various kriyante — are done mokṣa - kāṅkṣibhiḥ — by those who actually desire liberation .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tad ity anabhisandhāya
tat
that
iti
thus
anabhisandhāya
without desiring
phalaṁ yajña-tapaḥ-kriyāḥ
phalam
the fruitive result
yajña
of sacrifice
tapaḥ
and penance
kriyāḥ
activities
dāna-kriyāś ca vividhāḥ
dāna
of charity
kriyāḥ
activities
ca
also
vividhāḥ
various
kriyante mokṣa-kāṅkṣibhiḥ
kriyante
are done
mokṣa - kāṅkṣibhiḥ
by those who actually desire liberation .
  • tat — that
    The demonstrative pronoun. Tat in Sanskrit refers always to something other than the speaker — 'that, over there.' The grammar of the word performs renunciation: by uttering tat, one names what is not oneself, what one cannot hold. The syllable for fruit-renouncing acts.
  • iti — thus
    The quotation/naming particle. Sanskrit uses iti to mark a word as being *cited* rather than used directly. The verse insists the syllable tat be uttered self-consciously — as a deliberate consecration — not as casual filler. Iti makes the utterance ritual.
  • anabhisandhāya — without desiring
    Gerund of an + abhi + sam + √dhā — negation of the abhisandhāya of verse 12. The same root, reversed. Verse 12 condemned abhisandhāya phalam in rajasic sacrifice; verse 25 prescribes its opposite for tat-consecrated action.
  • phalam — the fruitive result
    The word phala once again — appearing for at least the fifth time in this chapter. Each appearance refines the relationship: in sattva, no expectation; in rajas, primary aim; in tamas, irrelevant to the malformed act. Here, explicitly renounced.
  • mokṣa - kāṅkṣibhiḥ — by those who desire liberation
    Compound: mokṣa (liberation) + kāṅkṣin (one who longs for). Instrumental plural. Note the careful theology: the only acceptable kāṅkṣā (longing) in this chapter is for mokṣa. Phala-kāṅkṣā binds; mokṣa-kāṅkṣā unbinds. The grammar of desire matters more than the fact of desire.
Without desiring fruitive results, one should perform various kinds of sacrifice, penance and charity with the word tat. The purpose of such transcendental activities is to get free from material entanglement.

To be elevated to the spiritual position, one should not act for any material gain. Acts should be performed for the ultimate gain of being transferred to the spiritual kingdom, back to home, back to Godhead.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
26. The word sat is used in relation to Brahman and also to the seekers of Brahman. Thus the word sat is used in performing all auspicious activities. 27. Being the goal of sacrifice, austerity and charity, sat is situated in those works, which are called sat. Any work dedicated to Brahman is called sat.
Commentary

Because the word sat indicating Brahman is present in the most excellent or auspicious things, it should be used in all auspicious activities whether material or spiritual. That is explained in two verses. The word sat indicates Brahman (sad bhāve) and the seekers of Brahman (sādhu bhāve).

Sat is situated (sthitiḥ) in sacrifice and other works since it is the goal of those works. Any work suitable for serving Brahman (tad-arthīyam) such as cleaning the Lord’s temple, is called sat.

Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa Gauḍīya
Translation
26. The word sat is used in relation to brahman and also in relation to the seekers of brahman. Thus the word sat is used in performing all auspicious activities. 27. What is permanent in sacrifice, austerity and charity, is called sat. Any work dedicated to the Lord is called sat.
Commentary

The Supreme Lord indicated by the word sat exists in all other excellent things. Therefore the word sat is used during the performance of all auspicious activities. This is expressed in two verses. The word sat is used to indicate brahman (brahma bhāve) and the knower of brahman (sādhu bhāve), such as in the phrase sad eva saumya (this is brhaman) and satāṁ prasaṅgāt (from association with the knowers of brahman). Therefore the word sat is suitable to use on auspicious actions such as upanayana and marriage. Bg 17.26, Bg 17.27, Bg 17.26-27 SaḤave SaaDau>aave c SaidTYaeTaTPa[YauJYaTae ) Pa[XaSTae k-MaRi<a TaQaa SaC^Bd" PaaQaR YauJYaTae )) 26 )) Yaje TaPaiSa daNae c iSQaiTa" SaidiTa caeCYaTae ) k-MaR cEv TadQasYa& SaidTYaevai>aDaqYaTae )) 27 )) sad-bhāve sādhu-bhāve ca sad ity etat prayujyate praśaste karmaṇi tathā sac-chabdaḥ pārtha yujyate yajṣe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ sad iti cocyate karma caiva tad-arthīyaṁ sad ity evābhidhīyate sat-bhāve—in the sense of the nature of the Supreme; sādhu-bhāve—in the sense of the nature of the devotee; ca—also; sat—the word sat; iti—thus; etat—this; prayujyate—is used; praśaste—in bona fide; karmaṇi—activities; tathā—also; sat-śabdaḥ—the sound sat; pārtha—O son of Pṛthā; yujyate—is used; yajṣe—in sacrifice; tapasi—in penance; dāne—in charity; ca—also; sthitiḥ—the situation; sat—the Supreme; iti—thus; ca—and; ucyate—is pronounced; karma—work; ca—also; eva—certainly; tat—for that; arthīyam—meant; sat—the Supreme; iti—thus; eva—certainly; abhidhīyate—is indicated.

What is permanent (sthitiḥ) in sacrifice, austerity and charity in terms of their objective being permanent, is indicated by sat. Acts for the purpose of the Lord (tad arthīyam) who is indicated by these three names, such as building or cleaning His temple, are called sat. One must remember these three names. This should be considered an injunction, thought the grammatical form does not indicate it. The statement made was oṁ tat sad iti nirdeśo brahmaṇas tri-vidhaḥ smṛtaḥ: these three names of the Lord were remembered. This is similar to statements such as vaṣaṭ-kartuḥ prathamaṁ bhakṣyaḥ: the food belongs to the priest uttering vaṣaṭ. These statements must be regarded as injunctions or orders, however, because of the rule of uniqueness (apūrva) laid down by Jaimini, in Jaimini Sūtra 3.5.21. [Note: If a statement is unique in its context, even if it is not in the form of an injunction, it should be understood as an injunction. The present statement “The wise remembered the three names of Viṣṇu.” can then imply the following injunction: “We must remember the three names of Viṣṇū.”] Another reason for understanding the statement as an injunction is that uttering the names during sacrifice, charity and other actions, is necessary to remove all obstacles to attaining the final result. The smṛti says: pramādāt kurvatāṁ karma pracyavetādhvareṣu yat smaraṇād eva tad viṣṇoḥ sampūrṇaṁ syād iti śrutiḥ Whatever mistakes are committed in sacrifice out of inattention will be rectified by remembrance of Viṣṇu. This is the statement of the śruti. Garuḍa Purāṇa 1.230.13

Gauranga Priya Dāsa Study
Bhakti-śāstrī Notes, ISKCON Chowpatty (2009)
Theme

Describes ‘tat’

‘Tat’ describes detached work for the sake of liberation
Purpose – Freedom from material entanglement
These activities are done with disregard for fruitive results
Śrī Śaṅkarācārya Classical
Translation
17.25 After uttering the word tat, which is a name of Brahman, yajna-tapah-kriyah, acts of sacrifice and austerity; ca, as also; vividhah, the various; dana-kriyah, acts of charity, such as gift of land, gold, etc.; kriyante, are performed; anabhisandhaya, without regard for; phalam, results of actions; moksa-kanksibhih, by persons aspiring for Liberation. The use of the words Om and tat has been stated. Thereafter, the use of the word sat is bieng presently stated:
Śrī Rāmānujācārya Classical
Translation
17.25 Whatever acts such as the study of the Vedas, sacrifices, austerities and gifts are done without aiming at results by those of the first three stations, seeking only final release - these are designated by the term Tat referring to the brahman, since they constitute the means for attainment of brahman. For it is well known that the term Tat signifies brahman, as in the following passage: He is Sah,Vah, Kah, Kim, Yat, Tat, Padam, Anuttamam.' (M.B., 13.254.91). Thus, the study of the Vedas, sacrifices etc., which are the means of attaining release, have been stated; the connection of Tat has been spoken of since the word Tat signifies them (i.e., the study of Vedas etc.). The connection of the term Tat with the three stations is shown because of their practising the study of the Vedas etc., in the way stated. In order to show how the term Sat is connected with these, Sri Krsna shows the etymology of the term Sat, as it is prevalent in the world:
Śrī Abhinavagupta Classical
Translation
17.25 See Comment under 17.27
Swami Sivananda Classical
Translation
17.25 Uttering ï1Tatï1, without aiming at the fruits, are the acts of sacrifice and austerity and the various acts of gifts performed by the seekers of liberation.
Commentary

17.25 तत् That? इति thus? अनभिसन्धाय without aiming at? फलम् fruit? यज्ञतपःक्रियाः acts of sacrifice and austerity? दानक्रियाः acts of gits? च and? विविधाः various? क्रियन्ते are performed? मोक्षकाङ्क्षिभिः by the seekers of liberation.Commentary With Tat With the utterance of the word Tat (That).Phalam Fruit of sacrifice? austerity and charity.Danakriyah Acts of charity such as gifts of land? gold? rice? clothes? etc.The immortal Soul which transcends the whole world? the three Gunas? the three bodies? the three,states of waking? dreaming and deep sleep? which illumines everything? which is the basis of all? and the source of everything is connoted by the word Tat. The sages and the aspirants meditate on Tat. They utter the word Tat and say? May all our actions and the fruits of them be in the name of Tat (That or Brahman).Thus they offer all actions and their fruits to Brahman and practise renunciation. They are freed from egoism and the bondage of Karma. They attain Selfrealisation through purity of heart caused by selfless? motiveless and desireless actions.The actions that is ennobled and sanctified by uttering Om at the beginning and which is offered to That is transformed into the nature of Brahman. All actions in their entirety? O Arjuna? culminate in wisdom (IV.33). He who does the actions with the spirit of sacrifice becomes Brahman eventually.Tat is symbolic of the presentation of all the fruits of all such activities to Brahman. If you utter Tat? it is tantamount to saying? They are nt mine. What has been begun with Om is given away to Brahman with the utterance of Tat.The use of Sat is described in the following verse.

Swami Gambhīrānanda Classical
Translation
17.25 After (uttering) the word tat, acts of sacrifice and austerity as also the various acts of charity are performed without regard for results by persons aspiring for Liberation.
Shri Purohit Swami Classical
Translation
17.25 Those who desire deliverance begin their acts of sacrifice, austerity or gift with the word Tat' (meaning That'), without thought of reward.
Related values
Tyaga (Renunciation / Letting Go)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Ahimsa (Non-violence / Compassion)Tapas (Austerity / Discipline)Atma Nigraha (Self-control)Daksya (Resourcefulness / Skill)Abhaya (Fearlessness)
Related verses
Concepts
Yajna
The syllable Tat is uttered without seeking fruit — for those desiring liberation, this practice frees from material entanglement.
Practical Applications
  • Use Tat to consecrate fruit-renouncing acts.
  • Pair the syllable with the actual renunciation.
  • Don't speak the word without doing the deed.
Reflection Questions
  • Where could I pair Tat with actual fruit-renunciation?
  • What act am I ready to consecrate so?

Tat is like saying 'that' while pointing at a horizon you cannot grasp. The word's whole grammar refuses ownership — it names what it does not enclose. Acts consecrated with tat learn the same humility: the fruit is for that, not for me.

📝 My note

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