FolioCorpusBhagavad-gītā

Bhagavad-gītā 11.8

న తు మాం శక్యసే ద్రష్టుమనేనైవ స్వచక్షుషా । దివ్యం దదామి తే చక్షు: పశ్య మే యోగమైశ్వరమ్ ॥ ౮ ॥
na tu māṁ śakyase draṣṭum
[na tu maam shakyase drashtum]
anenaiva sva-cakṣuṣā
[anenaiva sva-chakshushaa]
divyaṁ dadāmi te cakṣuḥ
[divyam dadaami te chakshuh]
paśya me yogam aiśvaram
[pashya me yogam aishvaram]
na — never tu — but mām — Me śakyase — are able draṣṭum — to see anena — with these eva — certainly sva - cakṣuṣā — your own eyes divyam — divine dadāmi — I give te — to you cakṣuḥ — eyes paśya — see me — My yogam aiśvaram — inconceivable mystic power .
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
na tu māṁ śakyase draṣṭum
na
never
tu
but
mām
Me
śakyase
are able
draṣṭum
to see
anenaiva sva-cakṣuṣā
anena
with these
eva
certainly
sva - cakṣuṣā
your own eyes
divyaṁ dadāmi te cakṣuḥ
divyam
divine
dadāmi
I give
te
to you
cakṣuḥ
eyes
paśya me yogam aiśvaram
paśya
see
me
My
yogam aiśvaram
inconceivable mystic power .
  • sva - cakṣuṣā — with your own eyes
    Instrumental case. The natural sense-organ is competent for the material world only; for the divya it must be supplemented. The Gītā does not abolish the senses — it requalifies them.
  • divyam — divine
    Adjective from div, 'to shine.' Not a metaphor — Arjuna receives a literally different organ of vision, attuned to the radiance of the spiritual order.
  • dadāmi — I give
    First-person singular present. The verb is decisive: Kṛṣṇa gifts the sight; Arjuna does not earn it. The hierarchy of seer and seen is set right by this single word.
  • cakṣuḥ — eye
    Singular. Not 'eyes' — one organ of vision granted for one purpose. Once the viśva-rūpa is withdrawn (11.49), this cakṣuḥ will presumably go with it.
  • yogam aiśvaram — mystic opulence
    Compound: yoga (mystic potency) + aiśvaram (lordly). What Arjuna is about to see is not Kṛṣṇa's essence but Kṛṣṇa's yoga-aiśvarya — a controlled display.
But you cannot see Me with your present eyes. Therefore I give you divine eyes. Behold My mystic opulence!

A pure devotee does not like to see Kṛṣṇa in any form except His form with two hands; a devotee must see His universal form by His grace, not with the mind but with spiritual eyes. To see the universal form of Kṛṣṇa, Arjuna is told not to change his mind but his vision. The universal form of Kṛṣṇa is not very important; that will be clear in subsequent verses. Yet because Arjuna wanted to see it, the Lord gives him the particular vision required to see that universal form. Devotees who are correctly situated in a transcendental relationship with Kṛṣṇa are attracted by loving features, not by a godless display of opulences. The playmates of Kṛṣṇa, the friends of Kṛṣṇa and the parents of Kṛṣṇa never want Kṛṣṇa to show His opulences. They are so immersed in pure love that they do not even know that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. In their loving exchange they forget that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Lord. In the Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam it is stated that the boys who play with Kṛṣṇa are all highly pious souls, and after many, many births they are able to play with Kṛṣṇa. Such boys do not know that Kṛṣṇa is the Supreme Personality of Godhead. They take Him as a personal friend. Therefore Śukadeva Gosvāmī recites this verse: itthaṁ satāṁ brahma-sukhānubhūtyā dāsyaṁ gatānāṁ para-daivatena māyāśritānāṁ nara-dārakeṇa sākaṁ vijahruḥ kṛta-puṇya-puñjāḥ “Here is the Supreme Person, who is considered the impersonal Brahman by great sages, the Supreme Personality of Godhead by devotees, and a product of material nature by ordinary men. Now these boys, who have performed many, many pious activities in their past lives, are playing with that Supreme Personality of Godhead.” ( Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam 10.12.11) The fact is that the devotee is not concerned with seeing the viśva-rūpa, the universal form, but Arjuna wanted to see it to substantiate Kṛṣṇa’s statements so that in the future people could understand that Kṛṣṇa not only theoretically or philosophically presented Himself as the Supreme but actually presented Himself as such to Arjuna. Arjuna must confirm this because Arjuna is the beginning of the paramparā system. Those who are actually interested in understanding the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Kṛṣṇa, and who follow in the footsteps of Arjuna should understand that Kṛṣṇa not only theoretically presented Himself as the Supreme, but actually revealed Himself as the Supreme. The Lord gave Arjuna the necessary power to see His universal form because He knew that Arjuna did not particularly want to see it, as we have already explained.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Viśvanātha Cakravartī Ṭhākura Gauḍīya
Translation
8. But you will not be able to see with your material eye alone. I give you the eye of the devas. Behold My majestic power.
Commentary

Arjuna should not think that this is some form caused by magical trick or material illusion. For the purpose of giving him faith that the form which contains this whole universe is sat-cid-ānanda, He speaks this verse. By your material eyes (anena) you cannot see Me. You cannot see My purely spiritual form. Śaknose stands for śaknosi. Therefore, I give you divine (divyam) eyes. See with those divine eyes. By letting him see with those eyes, the Lord’s intention was to give a little astonishment to Arjuna, who was thinking himself to be a material person. Actually, because he is a principal associate of the Lord, and therefore previously had appeared as Nara along with the Nārāyaṇa avatāra, Arjuna does not have material eyes like ordinary material persons. What is the logic in giving spiritual eyes to Arjuna in order to see a mere expansion of the Lord, when that same Arjuna with his very eyes directly realizes the sweetness of his Lord? But, on the other hand, it can be said that the superior eye which sees only the great sweetness of Kṛṣṇa’s human pastimes, as in the case of the ananya-bhakta, does not at all accept the glories of the Lord’s pastimes performed with the devatās (deva līlā). One who has tasted the juice of the white lotus cannot relish sugar candy with his tongue. Thus the Lord, wanting to show the majestic nature of His pastimes with the devatās (deva-līlā), in order to cause astonishment in Arjuna who had requested just that, gave to Arjuna non-human eyes suitable for seeing deva-līlā (divyam), majestic in quality. The intention of giving such eyes will be explained at the end of the chapter.

Baladeva Vidyābhūṣaṇa Gauḍīya
Translation
8. But you will not be able to see with your material eye alone. I give you the eye of the devas. Behold My majestic form.
Commentary

Intent on fulfilling what Arjuna prayed for, qualification to see that form, in the words manyase yadi tac chakyam, the Lord gave Arjuna celestial eyes to see the heavenly form composed of all the devatās, in order to astonish him. You cannot see Me with a thousand heads, a form shining like a thousand suns at once, by your eyes which are accustomed only to My sweetness. Therefore, I give you celestial, heavenly eyes. As I would put oil on My body in entering a swiftly moving stream, so I anoint your eyes suitably. See My majestic form (yogam) with those eyes. Yoga means that which makes the mind concentrate (yujyate). In the next verse the phrase paramaṁ rūpam aiśvaram occurs. Thus rūpa is the meaning of yoga. [Note: Another meaning of yoga is “magic.” Here by context, yoga means a real form, not something illusory.] It should be understood however, that though Kṛṣṇa gave celestial eyes to Arjuna, He did not give him a celestial mind. If He gave that type of mind to Arjuna, Arjuna would take pleasure in that celestial form. Some say that the universal form with a thousand heads is superior to the form of Kṛṣṇa as the chariot driver of Arjuna, and thus Kṛṣṇa had to give Arjuna different eyes to see that universal form. This idea is refuted later.

Bhūrijana Dāsa Gauḍīya
Commentary

'Divyam caksuh', divine eyes. The acaryas make so very interesting point about this. Arjuna was seeing Krsna in His two‑armed form and understanding Krsna's position as the most all‑attractive Supreme Personality of Godhead. So he needed spiritual vision to see Krsna's position. Krsna is going to show Arjuna His universal form. Which is higher: the universal form or Krsna's two‑armed most beautiful form? Since Krsna's two‑armed form is higher, so why Krsna had to give Arjuna divine eyes to see something that is lower? Arjuna already had, in fact, divine eyes. The explanation the acaryas give is that this 'divyam caksuh' also means 'heavenly vision'. Heavenly means 'higher' materially, but away lower then spiritual. Because Arjuna had spiritual vision as Krsna's eternal associate, Krsna gave him 'heavenly' vision, material vision, so Arjuna could see the universal form. Krsna gave him the vision of a demigod, otherwise Arjuna wouldn't show any interest. Like mother Yasoda, she had 'prema' eyes. When Krsna showed her His universal form, she didn't show any interest. Similarly, Arjuna wouldn't been interested. Srila Prabhupada explains in his Purport: "A pure devotee does not like to see Krsna in any form except His form with two hands; a devotee must see His universal form by His grace, not with the mind but with spiritual eyes. To see the universal form of Krsna, Arjuna is told not to change his mind but his vision. The universal form of Krsna is not very important; that will be clear in subsequent verses. Yet because Arjuna wanted to see it, the Lord gives him the particular vision required to see that universal form." And then: " The fact is that the devotee is not concerned with seeing the visva‑rupa, the universal form, but Arjuna wanted to see it to substantiate Krsna's statements so that in the future people could understand that Krsna not only theoretically or philosophically presented Himself as the Supreme but actually presented Himself as such to Arjuna. Arjuna must confirm this because Arjuna is the beginning of the parampara system. Those who are actually interested in understanding the Supreme Personality of Godhead, Krsna, and who follow in the footsteps of Arjuna should understand that Krsna not only theoretically presented Himself as the Supreme actually revealed Himself as the Supreme. The Lord gave Arjuna the necessary power to see His universal form because He knew that Arjuna did not particularly want to see it, as we have already explained."

[B. SANJAYA'S DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIVERSAL FORM (11. 9‑31) 1. Sanjaya describes how Krsna bestows upon Arjuna the necessary vision upon Arjuna. Arjuna then beholds Krsna's Universal Form with its expansions divided into many thousands although situated in one place. He sees its unlimited mouths with eyes decorated with dazzling ornaments, garlands, scents and garments all magnificently effulgent like 1000 suns. (9‑13) ]

Up to this point Arjuna has been receiving only Krsna's words but now with the 'divyam caksuh' he will start to see that universal form.

Gauranga Priya Dāsa Study
Bhakti-śāstrī Notes, ISKCON Chowpatty (2009)
Theme

Krishna’s Description

COMMON THEME: Krishna responds by offering to show Arjuna, the opulences He described in Chapter 10

PLEASE NOTE: All points of the purports are included as the sub-points; as such there are no individual ‘Focus of

Learning’ sections for these verses.

Focus of Learning

(a) Qualification to see the Lord

Only by revelation by the mercy of the Lord – Therefore Arjuna requests and pleads and not orders
Not possible by “mental speculation” or “perception by material senses”
Because living entity as infinitesimal spiritual spark ,cannot know unlimited infinite
Arjuna admits his limitations as a living entity and acknowledges Krishna’s inestimable position
Lord is addressed as ‘Yogesvara’ –
To point out His inconceivable potencies by which the infinite can reveal to the finite
Krishna is not obliged to reveal Himself until one ‘fully surrenders’ in Krishna consciousness and engages in transcendental loving service

(a) Why Arjuna requests Krishna to show His Universal Form (4 points):

1. To establish Krishna’s divinity for all (11.1 purport)

2. To convince others, although he does not have any personal desire and is completely

satisfied to see Him in His personal form of Krishna (11.3 purport)

Lord is addressed as Purushottama – Implies that Lord as Supreme Personality of Godhead, knows the heart of Arjuna, that he has no personal desire to see

3. To avoid imposters - Wants to set a criteria for in the future there will be so many imposters

who will pose as incarnations of God (11.3 purport)

4. Arjuna, as a responsibility, wants to substantiate Krishna’s statement – so that in the future

people can understand that Krishna “not only theoretically or philosophically”, but ‘actually’

presented Himself as such to Arjuna – Arjuna fulfils his responsibility because he is the

beginning of the Parampara (11.8 purport)

KRISHNA’S DESCRIPTION OF HIS OWN UNIVERSAL FORM

Krishna shows variegated forms – “See My Opulences!, Hundreds and thousands of varied divine and multicoloured forms” (11.5)
Universal form is transcendental but temporary because it is subject to the temporary time of material nature (Is manifested and unmanifested like material nature) (11.5)
Not eternally situated in spiritual sky (11.5)
Universal Form is not possible to be seen by ordinary men – Krishna must give one the power to see it (11.5)
Wonderful forms with different manifestations of Adityas, Vasus, Rudras, Asvini-kumaras and all other demigods
No-one has ever seen or heard of this before (11.6)
Even Arjuna, a personal friend and most advanced learned man, did not know all about Krishna (11.6)
Could see the entire universe (All moving and non-moving) sitting at one place (11.7*)
Even most advanced scientist cannot see other parts of universe, which a pure devotee could see so easily (11.7*)
Could see past, present and future, all what Arjuna wanted to see (11.7*)
Thus Arjuna will be shown the future destiny of all the relatives and warriors and thus will be motivated to just become an instrument (11.7*)
Needed divine vision – Cannot be seen with the present eyes (11.8*)
Pure devotees do not like to see Krishna in any form, other than His two-handed form
Therefore Arjuna is told not to change the mind, but change the eyes by Krishna’s grace (11.8*)
Śrī Śaṅkarācārya Classical
Translation
11.8 Tu, but; na sakyase, you are not able; drastum, to see; mam, Me, who have assumed the Cosmic form; eva, merely; anena, with this natural; sva-caksusa, eye of yours. However, dadami, I grant; te, you; the divyam, supernatural; caksuh, eye, by which supernatural eye you shall be able to see Pasya, behold with that; me, My, God's aisvaram, divine; yogam, Yoga, i.e. the superabundance of the power of Yoga [The power of accomplishing the impossible.-M.S.].
Śrī Rāmānujācārya Classical
Translation
11.8 I shall reveal to you the whole universe in one part of my body. But, with your physical eye, which can see only limited and conditioned things, you cannot behold Me, such as I am, different in kind from everything else and illimitable. So I bestow on you, a divine, namely, supernatural, eye by which you may perceive Me. Behold My Lordly Yoga' (sovereign endowment)! Behold My unie Yoga (special power)! The meaning is, 'Behold My Yoga such as infinite knowledge and such other attributes and endless manifestations of lordly power!'
Śrī Abhinavagupta Classical
Translation
11.8 Sri Abhinavagupta did not comment upon this sloka.
Swami Sivananda Classical
Translation
11.8 But thou art not able to behold Me with these thine own eyes; I give thee the divine eye; behold My lordly Yoga.
Commentary

11.8 न not? तु but? माम् Me? शक्यसे (thou) canst? द्रष्टुम् to see? अनेन with this? एव even? स्वचक्षुषा with own eyes? दिव्यम् divine? ददामि (I) give? ते (to) thee? चक्षुः the eye? पश्य behold? मे My? योगम् Yoga? ऐश्वरम् lordly.Commentary No fleshly eyes can behold Me in My Cosmic Form. One can see It through the divine eye or the eye of intuition. It should not be confused with seeing through the eye or the mind. It is an inner experience.Lord Krishna says to Arjuna I give thee the divine eye? by which you will be able to behold My sovereign form. By it see My marvellous power of Yoga.Anena With this the fleshly eye or the physical eye? the earthly eye. (Cf.VII.25IX.5X.7)

Swami Gambhīrānanda Classical
Translation
11.8 But you are not able to see Me merely with this eye of yours. I grant you the supernatural eye; bhold My divine Yoga.
Shri Purohit Swami Classical
Translation
11.8 Yet since with mortal eyes thou canst not see Me, lo! I give thee the Divine Sight. See now the glory of My Sovereignty."
Related values
Prema (Divine Love)Dana (Charity / Generosity)Tyaga (Renunciation / Letting Go)Asteya (Non-stealing / Honesty)Kshama (Forgiveness / Patience)Karuna (Kindness / Compassion)Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness)
Related verses
But you cannot see Me with your present eyes — therefore I give you divine eyes; behold My mystic opulence.
Practical Applications
  • Recognize that ordinary eyes don't perceive Kṛṣṇa's full form.
  • Pray for divine eyes — for the seeing-quality, not just information.
  • Trust that He gives the means when He chooses.
Reflection Questions
  • Where am I trying to see with ordinary eyes what only divine eyes perceive?
  • What does asking for divine eyes look like?

A scientist hands the student a special lens before opening the door to the laboratory's brightest chamber. The student's normal eye would be burned; the lens is not magic, it is mercy. Kṛṣṇa hands Arjuna the lens — divya-cakṣus — and only then opens the door.

Sañjaya's Divine Eyes

Before the battle began, Vyāsa offered Dhṛtarāṣṭra the gift of divine sight to behold the war. The blind king refused — he did not want to witness his sons' deaths — and Vyāsa gave the gift instead to Sañjaya (Mahābhārata, Bhīṣma-parva), who narrates the entire Gītā including this very chapter.

Two cakṣus are at work in BG 11: Arjuna's, granted by Kṛṣṇa directly, and Sañjaya's, granted by Vyāsa. Without the second eye, the first vision could not have reached us at all.

📝 My note

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