FolioCorpusBhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu

4.7 · Bībhatsa-rasa

14 verses
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.1

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puṣṭiṁ nija-vibhāvādyair jugupsā-ratir āgatā |
[pushtim nija-vibhaavaadyair jugupsaa-ratir aagataa |]
asau bhakti-raso dhīrair bībhatsākhya itīryate ||1||
[asau bhakti-raso dheerair beebhatsaakhya iteeryate ||1||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
puṣṭiṁ nija-vibhāvādyair jugupsā-ratir āgatā |
asau bhakti-raso dhīrair bībhatsākhya itīryate ||1||
When jugupsā-rati is nourished by its vibhāvas and other elements, it is called bībhatsa-bhakti-rasa by the wise.

Ghastliness It is understood from authoritative sources that an attachment for Kṛṣṇa because of feelings of disgust sometimes presents a ghastly ecstasy in devotional service.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.2

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asminn āśrita-śāntādyā dhīrair ālambanā matāḥ ||2||
[asminn aashrita-shaantaadyaa dheerair aalambanaa mataah ||2||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
asminn āśrita-śāntādyā dhīrair ālambanā matāḥ ||2||
The āśritas [Note: The āśritas are dāsya-bhaktas. There are three types of āśritas: those who have surrendered (śāraṇya), those who were previously jñānīs (jñāni-cara) and those fixed in service (sevā-niṣṭhā). BRS 3.2.21] and sānta-bhaktas and others who are not close to the Lord are the ālambana of this rasa.

The person experiencing such ecstatic love for Kṛṣṇa is almost always in the neutral stage of devotional service, or śānta-rasa.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

Though they are the ālambana for bībhatsa-rasa, the āśritas, śāntas and others experience bībhatsa-rasa only by a portion of their rati. Śānta here refers to those persons with śānta-rati who were absorbed in austerities. [Note: The śāntas are of two types: those performers of austerities who have firm faith in the path of bhakti and the ātmārāmas who have attained rati for Kṛṣṇa due to the mercy of Kṛṣṇa and His dear devotees. BRS 3.1.11] The word ādi means all those who have not attained closeness to the Lord.

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.3

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yathā –
[yathaa –]
pāṇḍityaṁ rata-hiṇḍakādhvani gato yaḥ kāma-dīkṣā-vratī
[paandityam rata-hindakaadhvani gato yah kaama-deekshaa-vratee]
kurvan pūrvam aśeṣa-ṣiḍga-nagarī sāmrājya-caryām abhūt |
[kurvan poorvam ashesha-shidga-nagaree saamraajya-charyaam abhoot |]
citraṁ so ’yam udīrayan hari-guṇānudbāṣpa-dṛṣṭir jano
[chitram so ’yam udeerayan hari-gunaanudbaashpa-drishtir jano]
dṛṣṭe strī-vadane vikūṇita-mukho viṣṭabhya niṣṭhīvati ||3||
[drishte stree-vadane vikoonita-mukho vishtabhya nishtheevati ||3||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yathā –
pāṇḍityaṁ rata-hiṇḍakādhvani gato yaḥ kāma-dīkṣā-vratī
kurvan pūrvam aśeṣa-ṣiḍga-nagarī sāmrājya-caryām abhūt |
citraṁ so ’yam udīrayan hari-guṇānudbāṣpa-dṛṣṭir jano
dṛṣṭe strī-vadane vikūṇita-mukho viṣṭabhya niṣṭhīvati ||3||
Astonishingly, those persons who previously were clever in methods of seducing women, and dedicated to lust, ruled over lecherous cities, now continually chant the name of the Lord with tears in their eyes. When they see the face of a woman, they twist their faces, and becoming motionless, spit.

A description of ecstatic love caused by ghastliness is found in the following statement: “This person was formerly interested solely in the matter of lust and sense gratification, and he had perfected the greatest skill in exploiting women to fulfill his lusty desires. But now how wonderful it is that this same man is chanting the names of Kṛṣṇa with tears in his eyes, and as soon as he sees the face of a woman, he immediately becomes disgusted. From the indication of his face, I would think that now he hates sex life.”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

Rata-hiṇḍaka means a seducer of women. Vikūṇita-mukhaḥ means a twisted face. Viṣṭabhya means becoming extremely stunned.

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.4

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atra niṣṭhīvanaṁ vaktra-kūṇanaṁ ghrāṇa-saṁvṛtiḥ |
[atra nishtheevanam vaktra-koonanam ghraana-samvritih |]
dhāvanaṁ kampa-pulaka-prasvedādyāś ca vikriyāḥ ||4||
[dhaavanam kampa-pulaka-prasvedaadyaash cha vikriyaah ||4||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atra niṣṭhīvanaṁ vaktra-kūṇanaṁ ghrāṇa-saṁvṛtiḥ |
dhāvanaṁ kampa-pulaka-prasvedādyāś ca vikriyāḥ ||4||
The anubhāvas of this rasa are spitting, distorting the face in disgust, covering the nose, running, quivering of the body, hair standing on end and perspiration. [Note: Quivering body, hair standing on end and perspiration are actually sāttvika-bhāvas. Sāttvika-bhāvas are not mentioned elsewhere for bībhatsa-rasa. Thus it seems that vikriyāḥ stands for both anubhāvas and sāttvika-bhāvas, though Jīva Gosvāmī does not comment on this verse and Viśvanātha says vikriya means anubhāvas.]

In this mellow of devotional service in ghastliness, the subecstatic symptoms are spitting upon the consideration of one’s past life, contorting the face, covering the nose and washing the hands. There is also trembling of the body, forcible twisting of the body, and perspiration.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.5

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iha glāni-śramonmāda-moha-nirveda-dīnatāḥ |
[iha glaani-shramonmaada-moha-nirveda-deenataah |]
viṣāda-cāpalāvega-jāḍyādyo vyabhicāriṇaḥ ||5||
[vishaada-chaapalaavega-jaadyaadyo vyabhichaarinah ||5||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
iha glāni-śramonmāda-moha-nirveda-dīnatāḥ |
viṣāda-cāpalāvega-jāḍyādyo vyabhicāriṇaḥ ||5||
The vyabhicāri-bhāvas are glāni, śrama, unmāda, moha, nirveda, dainya, viṣāda, cāpalya, and jāḍyam.

Other symptoms which may be present are shame, exhaustion, madness, illusion, frustration, humility, self-pity, restlessness, eagerness and stunning of the body.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
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Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.6

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jugupsā-ratir atra syāt sthāyī sā ca vivekajā |
[jugupsaa-ratir atra syaat sthaayee saa cha vivekajaa |]
prāyikī ceti kathitā jugupsā dvi-vidhā budhaiḥ ||6||
[praayikee cheti kathitaa jugupsaa dvi-vidhaa budhaih ||6||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
jugupsā-ratir atra syāt sthāyī sā ca vivekajā |
prāyikī ceti kathitā jugupsā dvi-vidhā budhaiḥ ||6||
The sthāyi-bhāva of this rasa is jugupsā-rati. According to the wise, there are two types of jugupsā-rati: vivekaja (arising from discrimination) and prāyikī (common).
📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.7

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tatra vivekajā –
[tatra vivekajaa –]
jāta-kṛṣṇa-rater bhakta-viśeṣasya tu kasyacit |
[jaata-krishna-rater bhakta-visheshasya tu kasyachit |]
vivekotthā tu dehādau jugupsā syād vivekajā ||7||
[vivekotthaa tu dehaadau jugupsaa syaad vivekajaa ||7||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
tatra vivekajā –
jāta-kṛṣṇa-rater bhakta-viśeṣasya tu kasyacit |
vivekotthā tu dehādau jugupsā syād vivekajā ||7||
Disgust for the body arising from analytical contemplation in certain devotees who have developed rati for Kṛṣṇa is called disgust arising from discrimination or vivekaja-jugupsā-rati.

When a devotee, lamenting for his past abominable activities, shows special symptoms on his body, his feeling is called ecstasy in devotional service in ghastliness. This is caused by the awakening of his Kṛṣṇa consciousness.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.8

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yathā –
[yathaa –]
ghana-rudhira-maye tvacā pinaddhe
[ghana-rudhira-maye tvachaa pinaddhe]
piśita-vimiśrita-visra-gandha-bhāji |
[pishita-vimishrita-visra-gandha-bhaaji |]
katham iha ramatāṁ budhaḥ śarīre
[katham iha ramataam budhah shareere]
bhagavati hanta rater lave ’py udīrṇe ||8||
[bhagavati hanta rater lave ’py udeerne ||8||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yathā –
ghana-rudhira-maye tvacā pinaddhe
piśita-vimiśrita-visra-gandha-bhāji |
katham iha ramatāṁ budhaḥ śarīre
bhagavati hanta rater lave ’py udīrṇe ||8||
An example of disgust arising from discrimination: When a person develops attraction for the Lord, how can he be attracted to this body made of flesh, smelling of raw meat, composed of thick blood, covered by skin?

In this connection there is the following statement: “How can a person take pleasure in the enjoyment of sex life in this body, which is a bag of skin and bones, filled with blood and covered by skin and flesh, and which produces mucus and evil smells?” This perception is possible only for one who is awakened to Kṛṣṇa consciousness and who has become fully cognizant of the abominable nature of this material body.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

Piśita means flesh. Visraṁ gandha-bhāji means a body smelling of raw meat. Amara-kośa says visram syad āmagandhi yat: visram means that which smells of raw meat. Rate udīrṇe means “when rati appears.” This is the past participle of ṝ, meaning “to go” with the prefix ud meaning “up.” The past participle is formed according to the rules for the ninth group of verbs called kryādi group of verbs, with the ending in “na” instead of “ta”. It becomes īrṇa to which the prefix ud is added. It means “has risen up.”

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.9

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atha prāyikī –
[atha praayikee –]
amedhya-pūty-anubhavāt sarveṣām eva sarvataḥ |
[amedhya-pooty-anubhavaat sarveshaam eva sarvatah |]
yā prāyo jāyate seyaṁ jugupsā prāyikī matā ||9||
[yaa praayo jaayate seyam jugupsaa praayikee mataa ||9||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
atha prāyikī –
amedhya-pūty-anubhavāt sarveṣām eva sarvataḥ |
yā prāyo jāyate seyaṁ jugupsā prāyikī matā ||9||
Disgust arising in all types of people and in all sorts of circumstances from impure or foul smelling things is called prāyikī (common) jugupsā.
📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.10

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yathā –
[yathaa –]
asṛṅ-mūtrākīrṇe ghana-śamala-paṅka-vyatikare
[asrin-mootraakeerne ghana-shamala-panka-vyatikare]
vasann eṣa klinno jaḍa-tanur ahaṁ mātur udare |
[vasann esha klinno jada-tanur aham maatur udare |]
labhe cetaḥ-kṣobhaṁ tava bhajana-karmākṣamatayā
[labhe chetah-kshobham tava bhajana-karmaakshamatayaa]
tad asmin kaṁsāre kuru mayi kṛpā-sāgara kṛpām ||10||
[tad asmin kamsaare kuru mayi kripaa-saagara kripaam ||10||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yathā –
asṛṅ-mūtrākīrṇe ghana-śamala-paṅka-vyatikare
vasann eṣa klinno jaḍa-tanur ahaṁ mātur udare |
labhe cetaḥ-kṣobhaṁ tava bhajana-karmākṣamatayā
tad asmin kaṁsāre kuru mayi kṛpā-sāgara kṛpām ||10||
An example of general disgust: O enemy of Kaṁsa! Trapped in this body, living in the mother’s womb in contact with a thick muck of sin, covered with urine and blood, I am distressed in heart. Ocean of mercy, please be merciful to me, who am unable to worship You.

A fortunate child in the womb of his mother prayed to Kṛṣṇa as follows: “O enemy of Kaṁsa, I am suffering so much because of this material body. Now I am trapped within a mess of blood, urine and liquid stool, within the womb of my mother. Because I am living in such a condition, I am suffering great pangs. Therefore, O divine ocean of mercy, please be kind to me. I have no ability to engage in Your loving devotional service, but please save me!”

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

The phrase bhajana-karmākṣamatayā (not being able to worship You) actually modifies mayi as an additional descriptive term rather than giving a reason for the Lord to give mercy. “Have mercy to me, who have fallen into a disgusting womb and who am also unable to perform worship of You.” If the sentence were to mean “Please be merciful to me who have fallen into a womb and thus cannot worship you,” the expression of bībhatsa or disgust would be weakened. There is another version with bhajana-karmākṣamatame in the locative case, directly modifying mayi.

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.11

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yathā vā –
[yathaa vaa –]
ghrāṇodghūrṇaka-pūta-gandhi-vikaṭe kīṭākule dehalī-
[ghraanodghoornaka-poota-gandhi-vikate keetaakule dehalee-]
srasta-vyādhita-yūtha-gūtha-ghaṭanā-nirdhūta-netrāyuṣi |
[srasta-vyaadhita-yootha-gootha-ghatanaa-nirdhoota-netraayushi |]
kārā-nāmani hanta māgadha-yamenāmī vayaṁ nārake
[kaaraa-naamani hanta maagadha-yamenaamee vayam naarake]
kṣiptās te smṛtim ākalayya naraka-dhvaṁsinn iha prāṇimaḥ ||11||
[kshiptaas te smritim aakalayya naraka-dhvamsinn iha praanimah ||11||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
yathā vā –
ghrāṇodghūrṇaka-pūta-gandhi-vikaṭe kīṭākule dehalī-
srasta-vyādhita-yūtha-gūtha-ghaṭanā-nirdhūta-netrāyuṣi |
kārā-nāmani hanta māgadha-yamenāmī vayaṁ nārake
kṣiptās te smṛtim ākalayya naraka-dhvaṁsinn iha prāṇimaḥ ||11||
Another example of general disgust: We have been thrown by the personification of death called Jarāsandha into his prison, the summation of all hells, which destroys vision with piles of stool from sick humans lying in a yard infested with terrible worms, whose stink makes the nose unsteady. O destroyer of hell! Remembering You, we maintain our lives.

There is a similar statement by a person fallen in a hellish condition of life. He addressed the Supreme Lord thus: “My dear Lord, Yamarāja has placed me in a situation which is full of filthy and obnoxious smells. There are so many insects and worms, surrounded by the stools left by different kinds of diseased persons. And after seeing this horrible scene, my eyes have become sore, and I am becoming nearly blind. I therefore pray, O my Lord, O deliverer from the hellish conditions of life. I have fallen into this hell, but I shall try to remember Your holy name always, and in this way I shall try to keep my body and soul together.” This is another instance of ecstatic love for Kṛṣṇa in an abominable situation.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

Nārake means “into the total of all hells.”

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.12

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labdha-kṛṣṇa-rater eva suṣṭhu pūtaṁ manaḥ sadā |
[labdha-krishna-rater eva sushthu pootam manah sadaa |]
kṣubhyaty ahṛdy aleśe ’pi tato ’syāṁ raty-anugrahaḥ ||12||
[kshubhyaty ahridy aleshe ’pi tato ’syaam raty-anugrahah ||12||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
labdha-kṛṣṇa-rater eva suṣṭhu pūtaṁ manaḥ sadā |
kṣubhyaty ahṛdy aleśe ’pi tato ’syāṁ raty-anugrahaḥ ||12||
The pure minds of those who have attained rati for Kṛṣṇa become disturbed by even small amount of unwanted things. Thus, there is nourishment of the primary ratis in jugupsā-rati.

It is to be understood that any person who is constantly engaged in chanting the holy names of the Lord—Hare Kṛṣṇa, Hare Kṛṣṇa, Kṛṣṇa Kṛṣṇa, Hare Hare / Hare Rāma, Hare Rāma, Rāma Rāma, Hare Hare—has attained a transcendental affection for Kṛṣṇa, and as such, in any condition of life, he remains satisfied simply by remembering the Lord’s name in full affection and ecstatic love. In conclusion, it may be stated that ecstatic love for Kṛṣṇa in ghastliness appears during the development of dormant neutrality into developed affection.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
Jīva Gosvāmī Gauḍīya
Durgama-saṅgamanī
Commentary

Raty-anugrahaḥ means “nourishment by rati.”

📝 My note

Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.13

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hāsyādīnāṁ rasatvaṁ yad gauṇatvenāpi kīrtitam |
[haasyaadeenaam rasatvam yad gaunatvenaapi keertitam |]
prācāṁ matānusāreṇa tad vijñeyaṁ manīṣibhiḥ ||13||
[praachaam mataanusaarena tad vijneyam maneeshibhih ||13||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
hāsyādīnāṁ rasatvaṁ yad gauṇatvenāpi kīrtitam |
prācāṁ matānusāreṇa tad vijñeyaṁ manīṣibhiḥ ||13||
That the ratis starting with hāsya are accepted as secondary rasas is understood by the wise to be according to the opinions of ancient scholars such as Bharata Muni.

NoD 49: Mixing of Rasas As already described, there are twelve different kinds of rasas, or ecstatic relationships which are shared with Kṛṣṇa. Five of these rasas are direct, and they are listed as neutrality, servitude, fraternal love, parental love and conjugal love. Seven of the rasas are indirect, and they are listed as humor, astonishment, chivalry, compassion, anger, dread and ghastliness. The five direct rasas are eternally manifested in the Vaikuṇṭha world, the spiritual kingdom, whereas the seven indirect rasas are eternally manifesting and unmanifesting in Gokula Vṛndāvana, where Kṛṣṇa displays His transcendental pastimes in the material world.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
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Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu .7.14

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amī pañcaiva śāntādyā harer bhakti-rasā matāḥ |
[amee panchaiva shaantaadyaa harer bhakti-rasaa mataah |]
eṣu hāsyādayaḥ prāyo bibhrati vyabhicāritām ||14||
[eshu haasyaadayah praayo bibhrati vyabhichaaritaam ||14||]
Blended reading (Sanskrit + English inline)
amī pañcaiva śāntādyā harer bhakti-rasā matāḥ |
eṣu hāsyādayaḥ prāyo bibhrati vyabhicāritām ||14||
The five primary rasas beginning with śānta-rasa are accepted as hari-bhakti-rasa. The secondary ratis generally act as vyabhicāri-bhāvas within the five primary rasas. Thus ends the Seventh Wave, concerning bībhatsa-bhakti-rasa, in the Northern Section of the Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu. 4.8 The Eighth Wave Concerning Friendly and Inimical Rasas In the Northern Section of Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu Outline of Combinations I. Śānta-rasa A. Friends: Dāsya, Adbhuta, Dharma-vīra, Bībhatsa B. Enemies: Madhura, Yuddha-vīra II. Dāsya-rasa A. Friends: Śānta, Dharma-vīra, Dāna-vīra, Bībhatsa B. Enemies: Madhura, Yuddha-vīra against Kṛṣṇa, Raudra towards Kṛṣṇa III. Sakhya-rasa A. Friends: Madhura, Hāsya, Yuddha-vīra B. Enemies: Vatsala, Raudra towards Kṛṣṇa, Bhayānaka towards Kṛṣṇa IV. Vatsala-rasa A. Friends: Hāsya, Karuṇa, Bhayānaka B. Enemies: Madhura, Yuddha-vīra, Dāsya, Raudra V. Madhura-rasa A. Friends: Hāsya, Sakhya, Yuddha-vīra, Dharma-vīra B. Enemies: Vatsala, Bībhatsa, Śānta, Raudra, Bhayānaka VI. Hāsya-rasa A. Friends: Bībhatsa, Madhura, Sakhya, Vatsala B. Enemies: Karuṇa, Bhayānaka VII. Adbhuta-rasa A. Friends: All primary rasas, Vīra-rasa B. Enemies: Raudra, Bībhatsa VIII. Vīra-rasa A. Friends: Adbhuta, Hāsya, Sakhya, Dāsya B. Enemies: Bhayānaka, Śānta (for Yuddha-vīra) IX. Karuṇa-rasa A. Friends: Raudra, Vatsala B. Enemies: Hāsya, Madhura, Adbhuta X. Raudra-rasa A. Friends: Karuṇa, Vīra B. Enemies: Hāsya, Madhura, Bhayānaka XI. Bhayānaka-rasa A. Friends: Bībhatsa, Karuṇa B. Enemies: Vīra, Madhura, Hāsya, Raudra XII. Bībhatsa-rasa A. Friends: Tapasvī-śānta, Hāsya, Dāsya B. Enemies: Madhura, Sakhya XIII. The Effect of the Combination of Rasas A. Friendly Rasas 1. Aṅgī-rasa: one prominent rasa 2. Aṅga-rasa: others become subordinate 3. Result: increase of sweetness 4. The main sthāyi-bhāva does not disappear, even if subordinate to others for a short time B. Unfriendly Rasas 1. Mixture causes Distaste ending in Rasābhāsa C. Exceptions where Unfriendly Mixtures Create Taste 1. Five Conditions of Harmless Unfriendly Mixtures 2. Two Unfriendly rasas nourishing a main rasa 3. Combination of Unfriendly Rasas in Adhirūḍha-mahā-bhāva 4. Combination of All Rasas with Kṛṣṇa as the Viṣaya or Āśraya

NoD 49: Mixing of Rasas As already described, there are twelve different kinds of rasas, or ecstatic relationships which are shared with Kṛṣṇa. Five of these rasas are direct, and they are listed as neutrality, servitude, fraternal love, parental love and conjugal love. Seven of the rasas are indirect, and they are listed as humor, astonishment, chivalry, compassion, anger, dread and ghastliness. The five direct rasas are eternally manifested in the Vaikuṇṭha world, the spiritual kingdom, whereas the seven indirect rasas are eternally manifesting and unmanifesting in Gokula Vṛndāvana, where Kṛṣṇa displays His transcendental pastimes in the material world.

— A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda
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